What is the First Conditional?

The First Conditional is a grammar structure we use to talk about things that might happen in the future. It describes a possible condition and its likely result.

• It’s for situations that are real or very probable.
• It connects a condition (the ‘if’ part) with a consequence (the main part).

How Do We Form the First Conditional?

The basic structure of the First Conditional is simple:

• The 'if' clause: We use the present simple tense. This part states the condition.
• The main clause (result): We use will + base form of the verb. This part states the likely result.

Look at this pattern:

If + present simple, will + base form of verb.

For example:

• If I study hard, I will pass the exam.
• If she calls me, I will tell her the news.

When Do We Use the First Conditional?

We use the First Conditional for several purposes related to future possibilities:

• To talk about real possibilities: Things that are likely to happen. For example, If the weather is good tomorrow, we will go to the beach.
• To make predictions: Based on current information or beliefs. For example, If he doesn't train, he won't win the race.
• To give warnings or advice: About potential future problems. For example, If you touch that, you will burn your hand!
• To make promises or offers: Related to a future action. For example, If you help me, I will buy you dinner.

Comma Rules for the First Conditional

The position of the 'if' clause affects whether you need a comma:

• If the 'if' clause comes first: Use a comma to separate the two clauses. For example, If it rains, we will stay inside.
• If the main clause comes first: Do not use a comma. For example, We will stay inside if it rains.

Variations in the First Conditional

While will is common, you can use other words in the main clause:

• Other modal verbs: Use can, may, might, or should to express different levels of certainty or possibility.
  • If you finish your homework, you can watch TV. (permission/ability)
  • If it's sunny, we might go for a walk. (less certainty)
  • If you feel sick, you should see a doctor. (advice)
• Imperative: Use an imperative (a command) in the main clause. This is common for instructions or warnings.
  • If you see John, tell him to call me.
  • If you are hungry, eat something.
• Other conjunctions: You can use words like when, as soon as, unless, or in case instead of if.
  • When I arrive, I'll call you.
  • Unless it stops raining, we won't go out. (meaning 'if it doesn't stop')

Examples

• If you study, you will learn a lot.
• She will be happy if she gets the job.
• If it snows tomorrow, we won't go to school.
• They might miss the bus if they don't hurry.
• If you need help, ask me.
• I will buy a new car when I save enough money.

Practice

Common mistakes for Spanish speakers

Spanish speakers often make a common mistake by using will in the 'if' clause. Remember, in English, the 'if' clause always uses the present simple, even though it refers to a future event.

• Incorrect: If I will go to the party, I will see my friends.
• Correct: If I go to the party, I will see my friends.

Another mistake is forgetting the comma when the 'if' clause starts the sentence:

• Incorrect: If it's cold I'll wear a jacket.
• Correct: If it's cold, I'll wear a jacket.

Frequently asked questions

What is the main difference between the First Conditional and the Zero Conditional?

The Zero Conditional talks about general truths or facts, things that always happen if a condition is met (e.g., If you heat ice, it melts.). The First Conditional talks about specific, real possibilities in the future (e.g., If it's hot tomorrow, I'll go swimming.).

Can I use 'going to' instead of 'will' in the main clause?

Yes, you can use be going to in the main clause to express a future intention or a prediction based on present evidence. For example, If I get a promotion, I'm going to buy a new car.

Is the First Conditional important for B1 English exams?

Yes, understanding and correctly using the First Conditional is very important for B1 level exams. You might need it for writing tasks, speaking about future plans, or understanding texts that discuss future possibilities and consequences.

Can I use 'unless' in the First Conditional?

Yes, unless means 'if not'. It introduces a negative condition. For example, Unless you study, you won't pass the exam means the same as If you don't study, you won't pass the exam.

Related lessons

• Conditionals
• Conditionals
• Conditionals
• Conditionals