What is the Past Simple of ‘Be’?

The verb be is very common in English. In the present, it has three forms: am, is, are. In the past, it only has two forms:

• was
• were

We use these forms to talk about things that happened or were true at a specific time in the past.

When do we use ‘Was’?

We use was with singular subjects. This means when you are talking about one person or one thing.

• Subjects: I, he, she, it
• Examples:
  I was tired.
  He was a student.
  She was in London.
  It was cold yesterday.

When do we use ‘Were’?

We use were with plural subjects. This means when you are talking about two or more people or things.

• Subjects: you, we, they
• Examples:
  You were happy.
  We were friends.
  They were at the park.

Remember, you always takes were, even if you are talking to one person.

How to Form Negative Sentences with ‘Was’ and ‘Were’?

To make a negative sentence, just add not after was oppure were.

• Full forms: was not, were not
• Short forms (contractions): wasn’t, weren’t

Contractions are very common in spoken English and informal writing.

• Examples:
  I wasn’t hungry.
  They weren’t at school.
  It wasn’t sunny.

How to Ask Questions with ‘Was’ and ‘Were’?

To ask a question, simply put was oppure were at the beginning of the sentence, before the subject.

• Yes/No Questions:
  Was he busy? (Answer: Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.)
  Were you late? (Answer: Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.)
• Wh- Questions (with question words like where, what, who):
  Where was she yesterday?
  What was the problem?
  Who were they?

Examples

• My sister was a baby in 2005.
• We were very happy on our holiday.
• The weather wasn’t good last weekend.
• Were your parents at the party?
• I was at home all day yesterday.
• They weren’t ready for the exam.
• Was the movie interesting?

Practice

Common mistakes for Spanish speakers

Spanish speakers sometimes make mistakes with the Past Simple of ‘be’ because of differences between English and Spanish.

• Using ‘did’ with ‘be’: In Spanish, you might use an auxiliary verb. But in English, ‘be’ is special. Do NOT use did with was oppure were.
  Incorrect: I didn’t was happy.
  Correct: I wasn’t happy.
  Incorrect: Did you were tired?
  Correct: Were you tired?
• Confusing ‘ser’ and ‘estar’: In Spanish, you have two verbs for ‘be’ (ser e estar). In English, be covers both. Don’t try to translate them separately.
  Esempio: He was a doctor. (Era un médico – ser)
  Esempio: He was in the hospital. (Estaba en el hospital – estar)

Domande frequenti

What are the two past forms of the verb ‘be’?

The two past forms of the verb ‘be’ are was e were. We use them to talk about past states, locations, or descriptions.

When do I use ‘was’ and when do I use ‘were’?

You use was with singular subjects (I, he, she, it). You use were with plural subjects (you, we, they).

How do I make a negative sentence with ‘was’ or ‘were’?

To make a negative sentence, add not after was oppure were. For example, I was not (wasn’t) there oppure They were not (weren’t) ready.

Can I use ‘did’ with ‘was’ or ‘were’?

No, you cannot use did with was oppure were. The verb ‘be’ is special and forms its own negatives and questions without did.

Related lessons

• Past simple
• Past simple
• Past simple
• Past simple