What are Some-, Any-, Every-, и No-?
These words are called indefinite pronouns or adverbs. They refer to people, things, or places without saying exactly who, what, or where they are.
We use them to talk about quantities in different types of sentences: positive, negative, or questions.
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When do we use Some-?
Мы используем some- words in positive sentences. They mean 'an unspecified amount or number'.
- Использование someone или somebody for people. Example: Someone is at the door.
- Использование something for things. Example: I need something to drink.
- Использование somewhere for places. Example: Let's go somewhere nice.
Мы также используем some- words in questions when we expect a 'yes' answer, or when we are offering or requesting something.
When do we use Any-?
Мы используем any- words mainly in questions and negative sentences. They mean 'no matter who, what, or where'.
- Использование anyone или anybody for people. Example: Is anyone home? или I don't see anyone.
- Использование anything for things. Example: Do you have anything to eat? или She didn't say anything.
- Использование anywhere for places. Example: Can we go anywhere? или I can't find my keys anywhere.
When do we use Every-?
Мы используем every- words to talk about all people, things, or places in a group. They mean 'all' or 'each one'.
- Использование everyone или everybody for people. Example: Everyone is happy today.
- Использование everything for things. Example: Everything is ready for the party.
- Использование everywhere for places. Example: I looked everywhere for my phone.
When do we use No-?
Мы используем no- words in positive sentences to give them a negative meaning. They mean 'zero' or 'not any'.
- Использование no one или nobody for people. Example: No one came to the meeting.
- Использование nothing for things. Example: I have nothing to do.
- Использование nowhere for places. Example: There's nowhere to sit.
Remember, we do not use no- words with a negative verb (like don't или isn't). This creates a double negative, which is incorrect in standard English.
| Категория | <span data-no-translation>Some-</span> | <span data-no-translation>Any-</span> | <span data-no-translation>Every-</span> | <span data-no-translation>No-</span> |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People | someone / somebody | anyone / anybody | everyone / everybody | no one / nobody |
| Things | something | anything | everything | nothing |
| Places | somewhere | anywhere | everywhere | nowhere |
| Usage | Positive sentences, offers, requests | Questions, negative sentences | All people/things/places | Zero people/things/places (with positive verb) |
Примеры
- I saw someone at the park.
- Do you have anything interesting to read?
- Everyone enjoyed the concert.
- She found her keys nowhere in the house.
- Would you like something to drink?
- I didn't go anywhere last weekend.
- Everything will be fine.
- There is nothing in the fridge.
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A common mistake for Spanish speakers is using a double negative. In Spanish, you might say "No tengo nada." (literally "I don't have nothing"). However, in English, you must choose one negative word:
- Неправильно: I don't have nothing.
- Правильно: I have nothing. (Using no- word with a positive verb)
- Правильно: I don't have anything. (Using any- word with a negative verb)
Always use only one negative word in an English sentence.
Часто задаваемые вопросы
What is the main difference between some- и any-?
Мы используем some- words in positive sentences, offers, and requests. We use any- words in questions and negative sentences.
Can I use somebody вместо someone?
Да, somebody и someone mean the same thing and are interchangeable. The same applies to anybody/anyone и everybody/everyone, и nobody/no one.
When do I use no one versus nothing?
Использование no one (или nobody) when you are talking about zero people. Use nothing when you are talking about zero things.
Are these words always singular?
Yes, even though they refer to multiple people or things (like everyone), these words always take a singular verb. For example: Everyone is here. (not are).
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