Why Do -ED Endings Sound Different?
English pronunciation can be tricky because sounds change. The -ED ending is a perfect example of this.
The sound of -ED changes based on the sound that comes right before it in the base verb. This is because of ‘voiced’ and ‘unvoiced’ sounds.
- Voiced sounds: Your vocal cords vibrate when you make these sounds. Put your hand on your throat and say /b/ または /d/. You will feel a vibration.
- Unvoiced sounds: Your vocal cords do not vibrate. Say /p/ または /t/. There is no vibration.
The Three Sounds of -ED: Rules and Examples
There are three main rules for pronouncing the -ED ending. Let's look at each one carefully.
Sound 1: /ɪd/ （または /əd/)
Use the /ɪd/ sound if the base verb ends in a /t/ または /d/ sound.
- This rule adds an extra syllable to the word.
- Examples: want ～になる wanted (/wɒntɪd/), need ～になる needed (/niːdɪd/), decide ～になる decided (/dɪˈsaɪdɪd/).
Sound 2: /t/
Use the /t/ sound if the base verb ends in an unvoiced sound (except /t/).
- These sounds include /p/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/ (sh), /tʃ/ (ch).
- No extra syllable is added.
- Examples: work ～になる worked (/wɜːrkt/), pick ～になる picked (/pɪkt/), watch ～になる watched (/wɒtʃt/), kiss ～になる kissed (/kɪst/).
Sound 3: /d/
Use the /d/ sound if the base verb ends in a voiced sound (except /d/) or a vowel sound.
- Voiced sounds include /b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /ʒ/ (zh), /dʒ/ (j), /m/, /n/, /ŋ/ (ng), /l/, /r/.
- Vowel sounds are always voiced.
- No extra syllable is added.
- Examples: carry ～になる carried (/ˈkærid/), show ～になる showed (/ʃoʊd/), travel ～になる travelled (/ˈtrævəld/), stay ～になる stayed (/steɪd/).
| Last Sound of Base Verb | Pronunciation of -ED | Example Verbs |
|---|---|---|
| Ends in /t/ または /d/ | /ɪd/ (extra syllable) | want (wanted), need (needed) |
| Ends in unvoiced sound (e.g., /p/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/) | /t/ (no extra syllable) | work (worked), pick (picked) |
| Ends in voiced sound (e.g., /b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /m/, /n/, /l/, /r/) or vowel | /d/ (no extra syllable) | play (played), show (showed) |
例
- I wanted to visit the museum yesterday.
- She worked very hard on her project.
- They played football in the park last weekend.
- He decided to study English at Langcom.
- We watched a good movie last night.
- My brother travelled to Spain last summer.
練習
[h5p id="899"]
スペイン語話者がよく犯す間違い
A common mistake for Spanish speakers is to pronounce all -ED endings as /ɪd/, similar to how you might say a syllable in Spanish. For example, saying work-ed (/wɜːrktɪd/) instead of worked (/wɜːrkt/).
This adds an extra syllable where there shouldn't be one. It can make your English sound less natural and sometimes harder for native speakers to understand. Remember, the /ɪd/ sound is only for verbs ending in /t/ または /d/.
よくある質問
What are voiced and unvoiced sounds?
Voiced sounds are made when your vocal cords vibrate (e.g., /b/, /d/, /g/). Unvoiced sounds are made without vocal cord vibration (e.g., /p/, /t/, /k/). You can feel the difference by touching your throat.
Is there an easy way to remember the rules?
Yes! The easiest rule is for /ɪd/: if the base verb ends in /t/ または /d/, add /ɪd/. For all other verbs, check if the last sound is voiced (use /d/) or unvoiced (use /t/).
Why is correct -ED pronunciation important for A2 Key?
Correct pronunciation helps you communicate clearly and be understood in the A2 Key speaking test. It also helps you understand spoken English better, which is important for the listening parts of the exam. Mastering these sounds shows good control of basic English pronunciation.
Do these rules apply to adjectives ending in -ED?
Yes, generally the same pronunciation rules apply to adjectives ending in -ED, 、例えば bored (/bɔːrd/) or interested (/ˈɪntrəstɪd/). The sound depends on the final sound of the word before -ED is added.
コメント 0 件