{"id":273440,"date":"2026-09-19T03:00:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T08:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/?p=273440"},"modified":"2026-09-19T03:00:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T08:00:32","slug":"reported-speech-b2-first","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/zh\/blog\/reported-speech-b2-first\/","title":{"rendered":"\u638c\u63e1\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\uff1a\u60a8\u7684B2\u7ea7\u8bed\u6cd5\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lc-answer\"><strong>Reported speech<\/strong> is how we tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. <strong>The main rule is often &#8220;backshift,&#8221; where verb tenses move one step back in time.<\/strong> \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c, <span data-no-translation>&#8220;I am happy&#8221;<\/span> \u53d8\u6210 <span data-no-translation>He said he was happy.<\/span> This change helps show that the original words were spoken in the past. However, backshift doesn&#8217;t always happen. If the reported information is still true, a general fact, or if the reporting verb is in the present tense, the original tense may remain. We also use specific reporting verbs like <span data-no-translation>claim<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>admit<\/span>, \u6216 <span data-no-translation>apologise<\/span>. These verbs often require different grammatical structures, such as <span data-no-translation>accuse + of + -ing<\/span> \u6216 <span data-no-translation>admit + that<\/span>. Mastering these rules is key for clear and accurate communication in English and for achieving success in exams like the B2 First.<\/div>\n<h2>What is Reported Speech?<\/h2>\n<p>When we want to share what someone else said, we have two main options: direct speech or reported speech.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Direct Speech:<\/strong> We use the exact words the person said. We put these words inside quotation marks.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>&#8220;I love learning English,&#8221; she said.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Reported Speech (Indirect Speech):<\/strong> We report the meaning of what was said, but not necessarily the exact words. We do not use quotation marks. Often, we use a reporting verb like <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> \u6216 <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span>, followed by <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> (which is often optional).<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>She said (that) she loved learning English.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember the difference between <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> \u548c <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> without an object (the person you are speaking to).<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>He said he was tired.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span> with an object (the person you are speaking to).<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>He told me he was tired.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-placement\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2B87DA,#29C4A9);\"><h3 style=\"color:#fff;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u270d\ufe0f \u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.95;\">\u53c2\u52a0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u5206\u7ea7\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u7531\u5251\u6865\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8003\u5b98\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u53cd\u9988\u3002.<\/p><a href=\"\/zh\/%e8%8b%b1%e8%af%ad\/%e5%ad%a6%e9%99%a2\/%e5%85%8d%e8%b4%b9%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#0A2540;color:#fff;\">\u53c2\u52a0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u5206\u7ea7\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>How Does Backshift Work?<\/h2>\n<p>The most common change in reported speech is called 'backshift'. This means that the verb tense usually moves one step back in time.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>If the original speech was in the present, it changes to the past.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I am studying.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said he was studying.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>If the original speech was in the past, it changes to the past perfect.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I finished my homework.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She said she had finished her homework.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Modal verbs also change:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Can<\/span> usually changes to <span data-no-translation>could<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I can help you.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said he could help me.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Will<\/span> usually changes to <span data-no-translation>would<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I will call you.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She promised she would call me.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-no-translation>May<\/span> usually changes to <span data-no-translation>might<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"It may rain.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said it might rain.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Must<\/span> usually changes to <span data-no-translation>had to<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I must leave.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She said she had to leave.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Could<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>would<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>should<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>might<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>ought to<\/span> do not change.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I should study.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said he should study.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>When Does the Tense NOT Change?<\/h2>\n<p>Sometimes, backshift is not necessary or even incorrect. Here are the main situations:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>General Truths or Facts:<\/strong> If the reported statement is a universal truth or a general fact, the tense usually stays the same.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"The Earth is round,\" the teacher explained.<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>The teacher explained that the Earth is round.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Statements Still True:<\/strong> If the reported statement is still true at the time of reporting, the tense may not change. This is common when reporting recent news or ongoing situations.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I live in Madrid,\" she said yesterday.<\/span> (If she still lives there) \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She said she lives in Madrid.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Hypothetical Conditionals (Type 2 and 3):<\/strong> The tenses in these conditional sentences do not change in reported speech.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"If I won the lottery, I would travel the world,\" he said.<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said that if he won the lottery, he would travel the world.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Reporting Verb in Present Tense:<\/strong> If the reporting verb (e.g., <span data-no-translation>says<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>tells<\/span>) is in the present tense, the tense of the reported speech does not change.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>She says, \"I am busy.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She says she is busy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Essential Reporting Verbs and Structures<\/h2>\n<p>Beyond <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> \u548c <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span>, English has many other reporting verbs that convey different meanings and require specific grammatical structures. Here are some common B2-level examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Accuse + of + -ing<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Mary accused Nick of deliberately forgetting to tell her.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Admit + to (optional) + -ing<\/span><\/strong> \u6216 <strong><span data-no-translation>Admit + that (optional)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>The company admitted to selling banned products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>I admit that I was to blame.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Apologise + for + -ing<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>James apologised for being late.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Argue + for + -ing<\/span><\/strong> \u6216 <strong><span data-no-translation>Argue + that (optional)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>The department argued convincingly for having extra staff.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Sally argued that it was unnecessary to delay the expedition.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Claim + that (optional)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Newspapers are claiming that the new policy will fail.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<caption>Common Tense Changes in Reported Speech<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Direct Speech Tense<\/th>\n<th>Reported Speech Tense<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Present Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Present Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Present Perfect<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Perfect<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Perfect<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Perfect Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Will<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Would<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Can<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Could<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>May<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Might<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Must<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Had to<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She explained that she had been learning English for five years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>My friend asked if I wanted to go to the cinema that night.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The manager announced that the meeting would be postponed until the following week.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He denied having taken the money from the drawer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>They suggested visiting the museum on Saturday.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The scientist stated that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h2>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-1964\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"1964\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"FCE04 L1 GRAMMAR Reporting\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-exam\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:#0A2540;\"><h3 style=\"color:#F2B705;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u83b7\u5f97\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.92;\">Langcom \u8bfe\u7a0b\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u751f\u5907\u8003\u5251\u6865\u8003\u8bd5\u3001IELTS\u3001TOEFL\u3001DELE\u3001SIELE \u548c Michigan \u8003\u8bd5\u3002.<\/p><a href=\"\/zh\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#F2B705;color:#0A2540;\">\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528 Langcom<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u6bcd\u8bed\u8005\u5e38\u72af\u7684\u9519\u8bef<\/h2>\n<p>Spanish speakers often make specific mistakes with reported speech due to differences between English and Spanish grammar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Not using backshift:<\/strong> A common error is to keep the original tense, especially when it should change to the past perfect.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\uff1a <span data-no-translation>She said she went to the party.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\uff1a <span data-no-translation>She said she had gone to the party.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1 <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> \u548c <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span>:<\/strong> \u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9 <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span> needs an object, while <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> does not (unless followed by <span data-no-translation>to<\/span>).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\uff1a <span data-no-translation>He said me that he was busy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\uff1a <span data-no-translation>He told me that he was busy.<\/span> \u6216 <span data-no-translation>He said that he was busy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Incorrect prepositions with reporting verbs:<\/strong> Many reporting verbs have specific prepositions or structures that must be followed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\uff1a <span data-no-translation>She apologised for be late.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6b63\u786e\uff1a <span data-no-translation>She apologised for being late.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<h3>What is the main difference between direct and reported speech?<\/h3>\n<p>Direct speech uses the speaker's exact words, enclosed in quotation marks, like <span data-no-translation>\"I'm tired.\"<\/span> Reported speech conveys the message without quotation marks, often changing tenses and pronouns, as in <span data-no-translation>She said she was tired.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Why do tenses change in reported speech?<\/h3>\n<p>Tenses change in reported speech, a process called 'backshift,' because the original words were spoken in the past. Moving the tense back reflects that the action or statement happened before the reporting moment. For example, <span data-no-translation>present simple<\/span> \u53d8\u6210 <span data-no-translation>past simple<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Are there any situations where tenses don't change?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, tenses often do not change if the reported statement is a general truth (<span data-no-translation>He said water freezes at 0\u00b0C.<\/span>), if the statement is still true (<span data-no-translation>She said she lives in Paris.<\/span>), or if the reporting verb is in the present tense (<span data-no-translation>He says he is happy.<\/span>).<\/p>\n<h3>How is reported speech tested in the B2 First exam?<\/h3>\n<p>In the B2 First (FCE) Use of English paper, Reported Speech is often tested in Part 3 (Word Formation) where you might need to change a verb form, or Part 4 (Key Word Transformation) where you rewrite a sentence using a given word, often requiring a change from direct to reported speech or vice versa, including backshift and appropriate reporting verbs.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I always omit 'that' in reported speech?<\/h3>\n<p>\u867d\u7136 <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> is often optional, especially in informal spoken English, it is generally safer to include it in formal writing or when omitting it might cause confusion. For example, <span data-no-translation>He said that he was coming<\/span> is clearer than <span data-no-translation>He said he was coming<\/span> in some contexts.<\/p>\n<h2>\u76f8\u5173\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/zh\/?p=272801\">Reported speech<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/zh\/?p=273385\">Reported speech<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/zh\/?p=273388\">Reported speech<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reported speech is how we tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. The main rule is often &#8220;backshift,&#8221; where verb tenses move one step back in time. For example, &#8220;I am happy&#8221; becomes He said he was happy. This change helps show that the original words were spoken in the past. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":192,"featured_media":274556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"bwfblock_default_font":"","langcom_teaches":"Reported speech","langcom_cefr":"B2","langcom_type":"grammar","langcom_faq":"[{\"q\": \"What is the main difference between direct and reported speech?\", \"a\": \"Direct speech uses the speaker's exact words, enclosed in quotation marks, like <span data-no-translation>\\\"I'm tired.\\\"<\/span> Reported speech conveys the message without quotation marks, often changing tenses and pronouns, as in <span data-no-translation>She said she was tired.<\/span>\"}, {\"q\": \"Why do tenses change in reported speech?\", \"a\": \"Tenses change in reported speech, a process called 'backshift,' because the original words were spoken in the past. Moving the tense back reflects that the action or statement happened before the reporting moment. For example, <span data-no-translation>present simple<\/span> becomes <span data-no-translation>past simple<\/span>.\"}, {\"q\": \"Are there any situations where tenses don't change?\", \"a\": \"Yes, tenses often do not change if the reported statement is a general truth (<span data-no-translation>He said water freezes at 0\u00b0C.<\/span>), if the statement is still true (<span data-no-translation>She said she lives in Paris.<\/span>), or if the reporting verb is in the present tense (<span data-no-translation>He says he is happy.<\/span>).\"}, {\"q\": \"How is reported speech tested in the B2 First exam?\", \"a\": \"In the B2 First (FCE) Use of English paper, Reported Speech is often tested in Part 3 (Word Formation) where you might need to change a verb form, or Part 4 (Key Word Transformation) where you rewrite a sentence using a given word, often requiring a change from direct to reported speech or vice versa, including backshift and appropriate reporting verbs.\"}, {\"q\": \"Can I always omit 'that' in reported speech?\", \"a\": \"While <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> is often optional, especially in informal spoken English, it is generally safer to include it in formal writing or when omitting it might cause confusion. For example, <span data-no-translation>He said that he was coming<\/span> is clearer than <span data-no-translation>He said he was coming<\/span> in some contexts.\"}]","_kiss_seo_title":"","_kiss_seo_excerpt":"Reported speech is how we tell someone what another person said without using their exact words.","_mwseo_canonical":"","_mwseo_keywords":"","_mwseo_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[620],"tags":[651,1163],"formats":[],"class_list":["post-273440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b2-first-fce","tag-grammar","tag-reporting"],"dsm_author":{"name":"\u52b3\u5c14","avatar_url":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/nsl_avatars\/1de86ea706740d324aaef3dd8bf0843b.png","archive_link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/zh\/blog\/author\/raulmaguinahamann\/","biodata":""},"dsm_categories":[{"term_name":"B2 First 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