What are Some-, Any-, Every-, ， 和 No-?
These words are called indefinite pronouns or adverbs. They refer to people, things, or places without saying exactly who, what, or where they are.
We use them to talk about quantities in different types of sentences: positive, negative, or questions.
When do we use Some-?
我们使用 some- words in positive sentences. They mean 'an unspecified amount or number'.
- 使用 someone 或 somebody for people. Example: Someone is at the door.
- 使用 something for things. Example: I need something to drink.
- 使用 somewhere for places. Example: Let's go somewhere nice.
我们还使用 some- words in questions when we expect a 'yes' answer, or when we are offering or requesting something.
When do we use Any-?
我们使用 any- words mainly in questions and negative sentences. They mean 'no matter who, what, or where'.
- 使用 anyone 或 anybody for people. Example: Is anyone home? 或 I don't see anyone.
- 使用 anything for things. Example: Do you have anything to eat? 或 She didn't say anything.
- 使用 anywhere for places. Example: Can we go anywhere? 或 I can't find my keys anywhere.
When do we use Every-?
我们使用 every- words to talk about all people, things, or places in a group. They mean 'all' or 'each one'.
- 使用 everyone 或 everybody for people. Example: Everyone is happy today.
- 使用 everything for things. Example: Everything is ready for the party.
- 使用 everywhere for places. Example: I looked everywhere for my phone.
When do we use No-?
我们使用 no- words in positive sentences to give them a negative meaning. They mean 'zero' or 'not any'.
- 使用 no one 或 nobody for people. Example: No one came to the meeting.
- 使用 nothing for things. Example: I have nothing to do.
- 使用 nowhere for places. Example: There's nowhere to sit.
Remember, we do not use no- words with a negative verb (like don't 或 isn't). This creates a double negative, which is incorrect in standard English.
| Category | <span data-no-translation>Some-</span> | <span data-no-translation>Any-</span> | <span data-no-translation>Every-</span> | <span data-no-translation>No-</span> |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People | someone / somebody | anyone / anybody | everyone / everybody | no one / nobody |
| Things | something | anything | everything | nothing |
| Places | somewhere | anywhere | everywhere | nowhere |
| Usage | Positive sentences, offers, requests | Questions, negative sentences | All people/things/places | Zero people/things/places (with positive verb) |
示例
- I saw someone at the park.
- Do you have anything interesting to read?
- Everyone enjoyed the concert.
- She found her keys nowhere in the house.
- Would you like something to drink?
- I didn't go anywhere last weekend.
- Everything will be fine.
- There is nothing in the fridge.
练习
西班牙语母语者常犯的错误
A common mistake for Spanish speakers is using a double negative. In Spanish, you might say "No tengo nada." (literally "I don't have nothing"). However, in English, you must choose one negative word:
- 错误： I don't have nothing.
- 正确： I have nothing. (Using no- word with a positive verb)
- 正确： I don't have anything. (Using any- word with a negative verb)
Always use only one negative word in an English sentence.
常见问题
两者之间的主要区别是什么？ some- 和 any-?
我们使用 some- words in positive sentences, offers, and requests. We use any- words in questions and negative sentences.
我可以使用 somebody 而不是 someone?
是的，, somebody 和 someone mean the same thing and are interchangeable. The same applies to anybody/anyone 和 everybody/everyone, ， 和 nobody/no one.
When do I use no one versus nothing?
使用 no one （或 nobody) when you are talking about zero people. Use nothing when you are talking about zero things.
Are these words always singular?
Yes, even though they refer to multiple people or things (like everyone), these words always take a singular verb. For example: Everyone is here. (not are).
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