{"id":273127,"date":"2026-08-05T03:02:36","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T08:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/?p=273127"},"modified":"2026-08-05T03:02:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T08:02:36","slug":"must-mustnt-a2-grammar-a2-key","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ru\/blog\/must-mustnt-a2-grammar-a2-key\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab\u0414\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u00bb: \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f A2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lc-answer\">\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Must<\/span> \u0438 <span data-no-translation>mustn&#8217;t<\/span> are modal verbs we use to talk about rules, obligations, and things that are very important to do or not to do.<\/strong> \u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> when something is necessary or when we give strong advice. For example, <span data-no-translation>You must wear a seatbelt in the car<\/span>. This shows a rule or a strong necessity. On the other hand, we use <span data-no-translation>mustn&#8217;t<\/span> (which is short for <span data-no-translation>must not<\/span>) to say that something is forbidden or not allowed. For instance, <span data-no-translation>You mustn&#8217;t smoke here<\/span> means it is against the rules. These verbs help us express clear instructions and prohibitions in English, making your communication precise and easy to understand.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What Does &#8216;Must&#8217; Mean?<\/h2>\n<p>\u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> to express a strong obligation or something that is necessary. It often comes from the speaker&#8217;s own feeling or a general rule.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>For rules and obligations:<\/strong> This is for things you have no choice about.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Students must arrive on time for class.<\/span> (It&#8217;s a rule.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I must finish this report by Friday.<\/span> (It&#8217;s a personal obligation.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>For strong advice or recommendations:<\/strong> When you think something is very important for someone to do.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>You must try this cake; it&#8217;s delicious!<\/span> (Strong recommendation.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>You must study hard for your exam.<\/span> (Strong advice.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-placement\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2B87DA,#29C4A9);\"><h3 style=\"color:#fff;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u270d\ufe0f \u041d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c?<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.95;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/p><a href=\"\/ru\/%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%b9%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9\/%d0%b0%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b8%d1%8f\/%d0%b1%d0%b5%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b9-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#0A2540;color:#fff;\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0411\u0415\u0421\u041f\u041b\u0410\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0419 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>How Do We Use 'Mustn't'?<\/h2>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Mustn't<\/span> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 <span data-no-translation>must not<\/span>. We use it to say that something is forbidden or not allowed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>For prohibitions:<\/strong> When something is against the rules or dangerous.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>You mustn't touch the exhibits in the museum.<\/span> (It's forbidden.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>We mustn't make a lot of noise in the library.<\/span> (It's not allowed.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>For strong warnings:<\/strong> To tell someone not to do something because it's bad or risky.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>You mustn't forget your passport.<\/span> (It's very important.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is the Grammar Pattern for 'Must' and 'Mustn't'?<\/h2>\n<p>The structure for using <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> \u0438 <span data-no-translation>mustn't<\/span> is very simple.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <span data-no-translation>mustn't<\/span> followed by the base form of the verb (the infinitive without 'to').<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Subject + must\/mustn't + base verb<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I must go.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>You mustn't run.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Must<\/span> \u0438 <span data-no-translation>mustn't<\/span> do not change form for different subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, they).<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He must work.<\/span> (\u041d\u0415 <span data-no-translation>He musts work.<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>They mustn't talk.<\/span> (\u041d\u0415 <span data-no-translation>They mustn'ts talk.<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Must vs. Have to (and Had to)<\/h2>\n<p>While <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> expresses obligation, <span data-no-translation>have to<\/span> is also used for obligation, especially for external rules or duties. For A2 learners, it's good to know the difference.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Must<\/span>:<\/strong> Often personal obligation or strong advice from the speaker.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I must call my mother.<\/span> (I feel it's important.)<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Have to<\/span>:<\/strong> Often an external rule or requirement.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I have to wear a uniform at work.<\/span> (It's a company rule.)<\/li>\n<li>We usually use <span data-no-translation>have to<\/span> for questions and past obligations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>Do you have to work tomorrow?<\/span> (\u041d\u0415 <span data-no-translation>Must you work tomorrow?<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Past:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <span data-no-translation>had to<\/span> for past obligations.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Yesterday, I had to wake up early.<\/span> (\u041d\u0415 <span data-no-translation>Yesterday, I must wake up early.<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<caption>Summary of Must and Mustn&#x27;t<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b<\/th>\n<th>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Must<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Obligation \/ Strong Advice<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>You must be quiet in the hospital.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Mustn't<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Prohibition \/ Not Allowed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>You mustn't eat in the classroom.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>You must listen carefully to the instructions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>We mustn't forget to buy milk.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She must study for her English exam.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Visitors mustn't feed the animals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I must remember to send that email.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>They mustn't be late for the meeting.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-923\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"923\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"KET03 L8 GRAMMAR must \/ mustn&#039;t\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-exam\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:#0A2540;\"><h3 style=\"color:#F2B705;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442?<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.92;\">\u041a\u0443\u0440\u0441 Langcom \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 Cambridge, IELTS, TOEFL, DELE, SIELE \u0438 Michigan.<\/p><a href=\"\/ru\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#F2B705;color:#0A2540;\">\u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 Langcom<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Using 'to' after 'must' or 'mustn't':<\/strong> In Spanish, you might use 'tener que + infinitivo'. But in English, <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> is followed directly by the base verb.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>INCORRECT: You must to study.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>CORRECT: You must study.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>INCORRECT: We mustn't to talk.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>CORRECT: We mustn't talk.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443 <span data-no-translation>mustn't<\/span> \u0441 <span data-no-translation>don't have to<\/span>:<\/strong> They have different meanings.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Mustn't<\/span> means 'it is forbidden' or 'not allowed'.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>You mustn't park here.<\/span> (It's illegal.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Don't have to<\/span> means 'it is not necessary'.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>You don't have to park here.<\/span> (You can, but it's not required.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b<\/h2>\n<h3>What is the main difference between 'must' and 'mustn't'?<\/h3>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Must<\/span> expresses an obligation or strong necessity, like <span data-no-translation>You must wear a helmet when cycling<\/span>. <span data-no-translation>Mustn't<\/span> expresses a prohibition or something that is not allowed, like <span data-no-translation>You mustn't use your phone during the exam<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I use 'must' for past obligations?<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u0442, <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> is only for present or future obligations. For past obligations, we use <span data-no-translation>had to<\/span>. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <span data-no-translation>Yesterday, I had to work late<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>How is 'must' used in the A2 Key (KET) exam?<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435 A2 Key \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> \u0438 <span data-no-translation>mustn't<\/span> in reading tasks, like signs or short messages, where you need to understand rules or instructions. For example, a sign might say <span data-no-translation>Visitors must report to reception<\/span>, and you need to understand this obligation.<\/p>\n<h3>Does 'must' change its form for 'he' or 'she'?<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u0442, <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> is a modal verb, so it never changes its form. You always say <span data-no-translation>I must<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>you must<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>he must<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>she must<\/span>, etc., followed by the base form of the verb.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Must and mustn&#8217;t are modal verbs we use to talk about rules, obligations, and things that are very important to do or not to do. We use must when something is necessary or when we give strong advice. For example, You must wear a seatbelt in the car. This shows a rule or a strong [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":192,"featured_media":273930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"bwfblock_default_font":"","langcom_teaches":"Must and mustn't","langcom_cefr":"A2","langcom_type":"grammar","langcom_faq":"[{\"q\": \"What is the main difference between 'must' and 'mustn't'?\", \"a\": \"<span data-no-translation>Must<\/span> expresses an obligation or strong necessity, like <span data-no-translation>You must wear a helmet when cycling<\/span>. <span data-no-translation>Mustn't<\/span> expresses a prohibition or something that is not allowed, like <span data-no-translation>You mustn't use your phone during the exam<\/span>.\"}, {\"q\": \"Can I use 'must' for past obligations?\", \"a\": \"No, <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> is only for present or future obligations. For past obligations, we use <span data-no-translation>had to<\/span>. For example, <span data-no-translation>Yesterday, I had to work late<\/span>.\"}, {\"q\": \"How is 'must' used in the A2 Key (KET) exam?\", \"a\": \"In the A2 Key exam, you might see <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> and <span data-no-translation>mustn't<\/span> in reading tasks, like signs or short messages, where you need to understand rules or instructions. For example, a sign might say <span data-no-translation>Visitors must report to reception<\/span>, and you need to understand this obligation.\"}, {\"q\": \"Does 'must' change its form for 'he' or 'she'?\", \"a\": \"No, <span data-no-translation>must<\/span> is a modal verb, so it never changes its form. You always say <span data-no-translation>I must<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>you must<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>he must<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>she must<\/span>, etc., followed by the base form of the verb.\"}]","_kiss_seo_title":"Must & Mustn't: A2 English Grammar for Obligation","_kiss_seo_excerpt":"Learn to use 'must' for obligations and 'mustn't' for prohibitions in English. 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