{"id":273385,"date":"2026-09-16T03:00:39","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/?p=273385"},"modified":"2026-09-16T03:00:39","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T08:00:39","slug":"declaracoes-em-discurso-indireto-e-perguntas-nivel-b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/pt\/blog\/reported-speech-statements-questions-b1\/","title":{"rendered":"Dominando o discurso indireto: afirma\u00e7\u00f5es e perguntas (gram\u00e1tica do ingl\u00eas n\u00edvel B1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lc-answer\"><strong>O discurso indireto \u00e9 a forma como relatamos o que outra pessoa disse, sem usar suas palavras exatas.<\/strong> Essa \u00e9 uma habilidade fundamental para quem est\u00e1 aprendendo ingl\u00eas no n\u00edvel B1, pois permite que voc\u00ea compartilhe informa\u00e7\u00f5es e participe de conversas com flu\u00eancia. Quando usamos o discurso indireto, muitas vezes alteramos o tempo verbal para uma forma no \u201cpassado\u201d, um processo chamado de \u201cbackshift\u201d. Por exemplo, <span data-no-translation>\u2018I am happy\u2019<\/span> torna-se <span data-no-translation>He said he was happy.<\/span> Tamb\u00e9m adaptamos pronomes, express\u00f5es temporais e termos de localiza\u00e7\u00e3o para se adequarem ao novo contexto, como, por exemplo, alterando <span data-no-translation>\u2018today\u2019<\/span> para <span data-no-translation>\u2018that day.\u2019<\/span> No caso das perguntas, a ordem das palavras muda, e usamos palavras como <span data-no-translation>if<\/span> ou <span data-no-translation>whether<\/span> para perguntas do tipo sim\/n\u00e3o. Dominar essas mudan\u00e7as ajuda voc\u00ea a se comunicar de forma mais natural e precisa em ingl\u00eas. Lembre-se de usar <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span> com um objeto (por exemplo, <span data-no-translation>told me<\/span>) e <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> sem um (por exemplo, <span data-no-translation>said that<\/span>). Essa estrutura \u00e9 essencial para as conversas do dia a dia e para contar hist\u00f3rias.<\/div>\n<h2>O que \u00e9 o discurso indireto?<\/h2>\n<p>Quando falamos sobre o que algu\u00e9m disse, podemos usar duas formas principais: discurso direto ou discurso indireto.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Discurso direto<\/strong> utiliza as palavras exatas do interlocutor, geralmente entre aspas. Por exemplo: <span data-no-translation>He said, \u2018I don\u2019t want to talk to you.\u2019<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Discurso indireto<\/strong> (tamb\u00e9m chamada de discurso indireto) nos informa o que foi dito sem usar as palavras exatas. Por exemplo: <span data-no-translation>He said he didn\u2019t want to talk to me.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Costumamos usar verbos de relato como <span data-no-translation>say<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span>, ou <span data-no-translation>ask<\/span> para introduzir o discurso indireto.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-blended\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0E63C4,#0A2540);\"><h3 style=\"color:#fff;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\ud83c\udf93 Aprenda ingl\u00eas com o m\u00e9todo misto<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;opacity:.95;\">Grupos pequenos \u00b7 Tutor de IA 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana \u00b7 Prepara\u00e7\u00e3o para os exames de Cambridge<\/p><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;font-size:18px;\">Planos de <strong><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"auto\">$<\/span>39<\/bdi><\/span><\/strong> <s style=\"opacity:.6;\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"auto\">$<\/span>79<\/bdi><\/span><\/s> por m\u00eas<\/p><a href=\"\/pt\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#fff;color:#0E63C4;\">Reserve sua aula<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Como os tempos verbais mudam no discurso indireto? (Deslocamento temporal)<\/h2>\n<p>Quando o verbo de relato (por exemplo, <span data-no-translation>said<\/span>) se passa no passado, costumamos \"retroceder\" o tempo verbal da afirma\u00e7\u00e3o original. Isso significa deslocar o tempo verbal um passo adiante no passado.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation><strong>Present Simple<\/strong><\/span> torna-se <span data-no-translation><strong>Past Simple<\/strong><\/span>.<br \/>Exemplo: <span data-no-translation>\u2018I don\u2019t want to talk.\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said he didn\u2019t want to talk.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation><strong>Present Continuous<\/strong><\/span> torna-se <span data-no-translation><strong>Past Continuous<\/strong><\/span>.<br \/>Exemplo: <span data-no-translation>\u2018I\u2019m planning to resign.\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She said she was planning to resign.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation><strong>Present Perfect<\/strong><\/span> torna-se <span data-no-translation><strong>Past Perfect<\/strong><\/span>.<br \/>Exemplo: <span data-no-translation>\u2018I\u2019ve already told you.\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said he had already told me.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation><strong>Past Simple<\/strong><\/span> torna-se <span data-no-translation><strong>Past Perfect<\/strong><\/span>.<br \/>Exemplo: <span data-no-translation>\u2018I saw you break it.\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>I told him I had seen him break it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation><strong>\u2018Be going to\u2019<\/strong><\/span> torna-se <span data-no-translation><strong>\u2018was\/were going to\u2019<\/strong><\/span>.<br \/>Exemplo: <span data-no-translation>\u2018I\u2019m going to cook tonight.\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>You said you were going to cook that night.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation><strong>Will<\/strong><\/span> torna-se <span data-no-translation><strong>Would<\/strong><\/span>.<br \/>Exemplo: <span data-no-translation>\u2018I\u2019ll see you soon.\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said he would see me soon.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation><strong>Can<\/strong><\/span> torna-se <span data-no-translation><strong>Could<\/strong><\/span>.<br \/>Exemplo: <span data-no-translation>\u2018I can\u2019t hear you.\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She said she couldn\u2019t hear me.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation><strong>May<\/strong><\/span> torna-se <span data-no-translation><strong>Might<\/strong><\/span>.<br \/>Exemplo: <span data-no-translation>\u2018You may be right.\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said I might be right.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Todos os verbos modais sofrem altera\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/h2>\n<p>N\u00e3o, alguns verbos modais n\u00e3o se alteram no discurso indireto. Esses verbos modais j\u00e1 expressam um grau de possibilidade ou condi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Os verbos modais <span data-no-translation>would<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>could<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>should<\/span>, e <span data-no-translation>might<\/span> geralmente permanecem os mesmos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Por exemplo:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Direct: \u2018I\u2019d like to go.\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>Reported: He said he\u2019d like to go.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Direct: \u2018It might be difficult.\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>Reported: She said it might be difficult.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Perguntas de relat\u00f3rio: perguntas com \u201cquem\u201d, \u201co qu\u00ea\u201d, \u201conde\u201d, \u201cquando\u201d, \u201cpor que\u201d e perguntas do tipo \u201csim\/n\u00e3o\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>Ao relatar perguntas, a ordem das palavras muda da forma interrogativa para a forma afirmativa. Al\u00e9m disso, n\u00e3o usamos pontos de interroga\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<h3>Perguntas com \u201cwh-\u201d<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Mantenha a palavra interrogativa (<span data-no-translation>where, why, what, when, how<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li>Insira o assunto <strong>antes de<\/strong> o verbo.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e3o use os verbos auxiliares <span data-no-translation>do, does,<\/span> ou <span data-no-translation>did<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Exemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Direct: \u2018Where are you from?\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>Reported: She asked me where I was from.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Direct: \u2018Why did she say that?\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>Reported: He asked me why she had said that.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Perguntas do tipo \u201csim\/n\u00e3o\u201d<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Uso <span data-no-translation>if<\/span> ou <span data-no-translation>whether<\/span> ap\u00f3s o verbo de relato.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Whether<\/span> \u00e9, em geral, mais formal do que <span data-no-translation>if<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Mais uma vez, coloque o assunto <strong>antes de<\/strong> o verbo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Exemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Direct: \u2018Are you going to help?\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>Reported: We asked them if they were going to help.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Direct: \u2018Did you visit the London Eye?\u2019<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>Reported: She asked us whether we had visited the London Eye.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Outras mudan\u00e7as importantes: pronomes, \u00e9poca e local<\/h2>\n<p>Al\u00e9m dos tempos verbais, geralmente \u00e9 preciso alterar os pronomes e os adjetivos possessivos. Isso depende de quem est\u00e1 falando e de quem \u00e9 o destinat\u00e1rio da fala.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Direct: \u2018I want you to give this message to your boss tonight.\u2019<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Reported: She said she wanted me to give that message to my boss that night.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Altera\u00e7\u00f5es comuns em palavras relacionadas a tempo e lugar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>now<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>then<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>today<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>that day<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>tonight<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>that night<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>yesterday<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>the day before \/ the previous day<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>tomorrow<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>the next day \/ the following day<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>last week<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>the week before \/ the previous week<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>next year<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>the following year<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>here<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>there<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>this<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>that<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>these<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>those<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Quando n\u00e3o devemos mudar o tempo verbal?<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c0s vezes, n\u00e3o precisamos alterar o tempo verbal no discurso indireto. Isso ocorre em situa\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quando a afirma\u00e7\u00e3o original ainda \u00e9 verdadeira ou relevante no momento da divulga\u00e7\u00e3o. Por exemplo, se algu\u00e9m dissesse <span data-no-translation>\u2018I don\u2019t want to talk to you\u2019<\/span> ontem, e isso continua valendo hoje: <span data-no-translation>I told you yesterday that I don\u2019t want to talk to you.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Se o verbo de relato estiver no presente (por exemplo, <span data-no-translation>He says...<\/span>), tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o alteramos o tempo verbal da ora\u00e7\u00e3o relatada. Por exemplo: <span data-no-translation>He says he is happy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>No caso de verdades gerais ou fatos cient\u00edficos: <span data-no-translation>She said the Earth is round.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u201cDizer\u201d x \u201cContar\u201d: qual \u00e9 a diferen\u00e7a?<\/h2>\n<p>Esses dois verbos costumam ser confundidos, mas apresentam padr\u00f5es gramaticais diferentes. Compreend\u00ea-los \u00e9 fundamental para a correta utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do discurso indireto.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Say<\/span>:<\/strong> Uso <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> quando voc\u00ea n\u00e3o menciona a pessoa com quem est\u00e1 falando. Voc\u00ea pode usar <span data-no-translation>say (that) + clause<\/span>. For example: <span data-no-translation>He said (that) he had a new car.<\/span> Voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m pode usar <span data-no-translation>say to someone<\/span>, but <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span> is more common when an object is present.<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Tell<\/span>:<\/strong> Sempre use <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span> with an object (the person you are speaking to). The pattern is <span data-no-translation>tell + object + (that) + clause<\/span>. For example: <span data-no-translation>He told me (that) he had a new car.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember: It is incorrect to say <span data-no-translation>He said me he had a new car.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<caption>Common Tense Changes in Reported Speech<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Direct Speech Tense<\/th>\n<th>Reported Speech Tense<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Present Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Present Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Present Perfect<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Perfect<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Perfect<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Will<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Would<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Can<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Could<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>May<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Might<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Be going to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Was\/Were going to<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Exemplos<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He said, \u2018I don\u2019t want to talk to you.\u2019<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He said he didn\u2019t want to talk to me.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She said she was planning to resign.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He said he had already told me.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I told him I had seen him break it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>You said you were going to cook that night.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He said he would see me soon.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She said she couldn\u2019t hear me.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He said I might be right.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He said he\u2019d like to go.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She said it might be difficult.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She asked me where I was from.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He asked me why she had said that.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>We asked them if they were going to help.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She asked us whether we had visited the London Eye.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She said she wanted me to give that message to my boss that night.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I told you yesterday that I don\u2019t want to talk to you.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Tom said he had a new car.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Tom told me he had a new car.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Pr\u00e1tica<\/h2>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-1787\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"1787\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"I10 L5 GRAMMAR Reported speech (statements and questions)\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-placement\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2B87DA,#29C4A9);\"><h3 style=\"color:#fff;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u270d\ufe0f N\u00e3o sabe em que n\u00edvel voc\u00ea est\u00e1?<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.95;\">Fa\u00e7a nosso teste de nivelamento gratuito e receba um feedback personalizado de examinadores certificados pela Cambridge.<\/p><a href=\"\/pt\/ingles\/academia\/teste-gratuito\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#0A2540;color:#fff;\">Fa\u00e7a nosso teste de nivelamento GRATUITO<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Erros comuns entre falantes de espanhol<\/h2>\n<p>Many Spanish speakers often make these mistakes when using reported speech:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Confuso <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> e <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span>:<\/strong> Direct translation of \"decir a alguien\" can lead to errors.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incorreto:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>She said me she was busy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Correto:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>She told me she was busy.<\/span> (Use <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span> with an object)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Correto:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>She said she was busy.<\/span> (Use <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> without an object)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forgetting to backshift tenses:<\/strong> Especially from Past Simple to Past Perfect when the reporting verb is in the past.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incorreto:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>He said he went to the party yesterday.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Correto:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>He said he had gone to the party the day before.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Not changing the word order in reported questions:<\/strong> Remember to use statement word order (subject + verb).\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incorreto:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>She asked me where was I from.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Correto:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>She asked me where I was from.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Perguntas frequentes<\/h2>\n<h3>Por que mudamos os tempos verbais no discurso indireto?<\/h3>\n<p>We change tenses (called \"backshift\") because the original words were spoken at an earlier time. The reported speech reflects that past moment. For example, <span data-no-translation>\u2018I am hungry\u2019<\/span> torna-se <span data-no-translation>He said he was hungry<\/span>, because at the time of reporting, he *was* hungry.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c9 sempre necess\u00e1rio recuar os tempos verbais?<\/h3>\n<p>No, not always. If the reported statement is still true or relevant at the moment of reporting, or if the reporting verb is in the present tense (e.g., <span data-no-translation>He says...<\/span>), you don't need to backshift. For example, <span data-no-translation>She said the Earth is round<\/span> is correct because it's a universal truth.<\/p>\n<h3>Posso usar 'that' depois de 'say' ou 'tell'?<\/h3>\n<p>Sim, <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> is optional after <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> ou <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span> in reported statements. For example, <span data-no-translation>He said he was tired<\/span> e <span data-no-translation>He said that he was tired<\/span> are both correct. It's often omitted in informal speech.<\/p>\n<h3>Qual \u00e9 a principal diferen\u00e7a entre afirma\u00e7\u00f5es de relato e perguntas de relato?<\/h3>\n<p>The main difference is word order and the use of conjunctions. For statements, we use subject + verb. For questions, we also use subject + verb (not question word order), and we add <span data-no-translation>if\/whether<\/span> for yes\/no questions, or keep the question word for Wh- questions.<\/p>\n<h2>Aulas relacionadas<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/pt\/?p=272801\">Discurso indireto<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reported speech is how we tell someone what another person said, without using their exact words. This is a key skill for B1 English learners, allowing you to share information and conversations smoothly. When we use reported speech, we often change the verb tense to a &#8220;past&#8221; form, a process called &#8220;backshift.&#8221; For example, \u2018I [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":192,"featured_media":274446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"bwfblock_default_font":"","langcom_teaches":"Reported speech","langcom_cefr":"B1","langcom_type":"grammar","langcom_faq":"[{\"q\": \"Why do we change tenses in reported speech?\", \"a\": \"We change tenses (called \\\"backshift\\\") because the original words were spoken at an earlier time. The reported speech reflects that past moment. For example, <span data-no-translation>\u2018I am hungry\u2019<\/span> becomes <span data-no-translation>He said he was hungry<\/span>, because at the time of reporting, he *was* hungry.\"}, {\"q\": \"Is it always necessary to backshift tenses?\", \"a\": \"No, not always. If the reported statement is still true or relevant at the moment of reporting, or if the reporting verb is in the present tense (e.g., <span data-no-translation>He says...<\/span>), you don't need to backshift. For example, <span data-no-translation>She said the Earth is round<\/span> is correct because it's a universal truth.\"}, {\"q\": \"Can I use 'that' after 'say' or 'tell'?\", \"a\": \"Yes, <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> is optional after <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> or <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span> in reported statements. For example, <span data-no-translation>He said he was tired<\/span> and <span data-no-translation>He said that he was tired<\/span> are both correct. It's often omitted in informal speech.\"}, {\"q\": \"What's the main difference between reporting statements and reporting questions?\", \"a\": \"The main difference is word order and the use of conjunctions. For statements, we use subject + verb. For questions, we also use subject + verb (not question word order), and we add <span data-no-translation>if\/whether<\/span> for yes\/no questions, or keep the question word for Wh- questions.\"}]","_kiss_seo_title":"","_kiss_seo_excerpt":"Reported speech is how we tell someone what another person said, without using their exact words.","_mwseo_canonical":"","_mwseo_keywords":"","_mwseo_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[168],"tags":[651,1118],"formats":[],"class_list":["post-273385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b1-intermediate-english","tag-grammar","tag-reported-speech-statements-and-questions"],"dsm_author":{"name":"Ra\u00fal","avatar_url":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/nsl_avatars\/1de86ea706740d324aaef3dd8bf0843b.png","archive_link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/pt\/blog\/author\/raulmaguinahamann\/","biodata":""},"dsm_categories":[{"term_name":"B1 Intermediate 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