{"id":273440,"date":"2026-09-19T03:00:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T08:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/?p=273440"},"modified":"2026-09-19T03:00:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T08:00:32","slug":"reported-speech-b2-first","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/blog\/reported-speech-b2-first\/","title":{"rendered":"Mastering Reported Speech: Your B2 Grammar Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lc-answer\"><strong>Reported speech<\/strong> is how we tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. <strong>The main rule is often &#8220;backshift,&#8221; where verb tenses move one step back in time.<\/strong> For example, <span data-no-translation>&#8220;I am happy&#8221;<\/span> \uff5e\u306b\u306a\u308b <span data-no-translation>He said he was happy.<\/span> This change helps show that the original words were spoken in the past. However, backshift doesn&#8217;t always happen. If the reported information is still true, a general fact, or if the reporting verb is in the present tense, the original tense may remain. We also use specific reporting verbs like <span data-no-translation>claim<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>admit<\/span>, \u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f <span data-no-translation>apologise<\/span>. These verbs often require different grammatical structures, such as <span data-no-translation>accuse + of + -ing<\/span> \u307e\u305f\u306f <span data-no-translation>admit + that<\/span>. Mastering these rules is key for clear and accurate communication in English and for achieving success in exams like the B2 First.<\/div>\n<h2>What is Reported Speech?<\/h2>\n<p>When we want to share what someone else said, we have two main options: direct speech or reported speech.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Direct Speech:<\/strong> We use the exact words the person said. We put these words inside quotation marks.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>&#8220;I love learning English,&#8221; she said.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Reported Speech (Indirect Speech):<\/strong> We report the meaning of what was said, but not necessarily the exact words. We do not use quotation marks. Often, we use a reporting verb like <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> \u307e\u305f\u306f <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span>, followed by <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> (which is often optional).<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>She said (that) she loved learning English.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember the difference between <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> \u305d\u3057\u3066 <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f53\u793e\u3067\u306f <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> without an object (the person you are speaking to).<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>He said he was tired.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f53\u793e\u3067\u306f <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span> with an object (the person you are speaking to).<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>He told me he was tired.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-placement\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2B87DA,#29C4A9);\"><h3 style=\"color:#fff;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u270d\ufe0f \u81ea\u5206\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff1f<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.95;\">\u7121\u6599\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5224\u5b9a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30b1\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u8a8d\u5b9a\u8a66\u9a13\u5b98\u304b\u3089\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308a\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002.<\/p><a href=\"\/ja\/%e3%82%a4%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b0%e3%83%aa%e3%83%83%e3%82%b7%e3%83%a5\/%e3%82%a2%e3%82%ab%e3%83%87%e3%83%9f%e3%83%bc\/%e7%84%a1%e6%96%99%e4%bd%93%e9%a8%93\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#0A2540;color:#fff;\">\u7121\u6599\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u30fb\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>How Does Backshift Work?<\/h2>\n<p>The most common change in reported speech is called 'backshift'. This means that the verb tense usually moves one step back in time.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>If the original speech was in the present, it changes to the past.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I am studying.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said he was studying.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>If the original speech was in the past, it changes to the past perfect.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I finished my homework.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She said she had finished her homework.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Modal verbs also change:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Can<\/span> usually changes to <span data-no-translation>could<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I can help you.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said he could help me.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Will<\/span> usually changes to <span data-no-translation>would<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I will call you.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She promised she would call me.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-no-translation>May<\/span> usually changes to <span data-no-translation>might<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"It may rain.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said it might rain.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Must<\/span> usually changes to <span data-no-translation>had to<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I must leave.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She said she had to leave.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Could<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>would<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>should<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>might<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>ought to<\/span> do not change.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I should study.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said he should study.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>When Does the Tense NOT Change?<\/h2>\n<p>Sometimes, backshift is not necessary or even incorrect. Here are the main situations:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>General Truths or Facts:<\/strong> If the reported statement is a universal truth or a general fact, the tense usually stays the same.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"The Earth is round,\" the teacher explained.<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>The teacher explained that the Earth is round.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Statements Still True:<\/strong> If the reported statement is still true at the time of reporting, the tense may not change. This is common when reporting recent news or ongoing situations.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"I live in Madrid,\" she said yesterday.<\/span> (If she still lives there) \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She said she lives in Madrid.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Hypothetical Conditionals (Type 2 and 3):<\/strong> The tenses in these conditional sentences do not change in reported speech.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>\"If I won the lottery, I would travel the world,\" he said.<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>He said that if he won the lottery, he would travel the world.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Reporting Verb in Present Tense:<\/strong> If the reporting verb (e.g., <span data-no-translation>says<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>tells<\/span>) is in the present tense, the tense of the reported speech does not change.<\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>She says, \"I am busy.\"<\/span> \u2192 <span data-no-translation>She says she is busy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Essential Reporting Verbs and Structures<\/h2>\n<p>Beyond <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> \u305d\u3057\u3066 <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span>, English has many other reporting verbs that convey different meanings and require specific grammatical structures. Here are some common B2-level examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Accuse + of + -ing<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Mary accused Nick of deliberately forgetting to tell her.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Admit + to (optional) + -ing<\/span><\/strong> \u307e\u305f\u306f <strong><span data-no-translation>Admit + that (optional)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>The company admitted to selling banned products.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>I admit that I was to blame.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Apologise + for + -ing<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>James apologised for being late.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Argue + for + -ing<\/span><\/strong> \u307e\u305f\u306f <strong><span data-no-translation>Argue + that (optional)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>The department argued convincingly for having extra staff.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Sally argued that it was unnecessary to delay the expedition.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong><span data-no-translation>Claim + that (optional)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span data-no-translation>Newspapers are claiming that the new policy will fail.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<caption>Common Tense Changes in Reported Speech<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Direct Speech Tense<\/th>\n<th>Reported Speech Tense<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Present Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Present Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Present Perfect<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Perfect<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Perfect<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Past Perfect Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Will<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Would<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Can<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Could<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>May<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Might<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Must<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Had to<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She explained that she had been learning English for five years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>My friend asked if I wanted to go to the cinema that night.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The manager announced that the meeting would be postponed until the following week.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He denied having taken the money from the drawer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>They suggested visiting the museum on Saturday.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The scientist stated that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u7df4\u7fd2<\/h2>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-1964\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"1964\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"FCE04 L1 GRAMMAR Reporting\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-exam\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:#0A2540;\"><h3 style=\"color:#F2B705;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u8a8d\u5b9a\u8a3c\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u6e96\u5099\u306f\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.92;\">Langcom\u306f\u3001\u30b1\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u8a66\u9a13\u3001IELTS\u3001TOEFL\u3001DELE\u3001SIELE\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073Michigan\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u5bfe\u7b56\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002.<\/p><a href=\"\/ja\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#F2B705;color:#0A2540;\">Langcom\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>\u30b9\u30da\u30a4\u30f3\u8a9e\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u3088\u304f\u72af\u3059\u9593\u9055\u3044<\/h2>\n<p>Spanish speakers often make specific mistakes with reported speech due to differences between English and Spanish grammar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Not using backshift:<\/strong> A common error is to keep the original tense, especially when it should change to the past perfect.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8aa4\u308a\uff1a <span data-no-translation>She said she went to the party.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6b63\u3057\u3044\uff1a <span data-no-translation>She said she had gone to the party.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u304b\u308a\u306b\u304f\u3044 <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> \u305d\u3057\u3066 <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span>:<\/strong> Remember that <span data-no-translation>tell<\/span> needs an object, while <span data-no-translation>say<\/span> does not (unless followed by <span data-no-translation>to<\/span>).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8aa4\u308a\uff1a <span data-no-translation>He said me that he was busy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6b63\u3057\u3044\uff1a <span data-no-translation>He told me that he was busy.<\/span> \u307e\u305f\u306f <span data-no-translation>He said that he was busy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Incorrect prepositions with reporting verbs:<\/strong> Many reporting verbs have specific prepositions or structures that must be followed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u8aa4\u308a\uff1a <span data-no-translation>She apologised for be late.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u6b63\u3057\u3044\uff1a <span data-no-translation>She apologised for being late.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u8cea\u554f<\/h2>\n<h3>What is the main difference between direct and reported speech?<\/h3>\n<p>Direct speech uses the speaker's exact words, enclosed in quotation marks, like <span data-no-translation>\"I'm tired.\"<\/span> Reported speech conveys the message without quotation marks, often changing tenses and pronouns, as in <span data-no-translation>She said she was tired.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Why do tenses change in reported speech?<\/h3>\n<p>Tenses change in reported speech, a process called 'backshift,' because the original words were spoken in the past. Moving the tense back reflects that the action or statement happened before the reporting moment. For example, <span data-no-translation>present simple<\/span> \uff5e\u306b\u306a\u308b <span data-no-translation>past simple<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Are there any situations where tenses don't change?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, tenses often do not change if the reported statement is a general truth (<span data-no-translation>He said water freezes at 0\u00b0C.<\/span>), if the statement is still true (<span data-no-translation>She said she lives in Paris.<\/span>), or if the reporting verb is in the present tense (<span data-no-translation>He says he is happy.<\/span>).<\/p>\n<h3>How is reported speech tested in the B2 First exam?<\/h3>\n<p>In the B2 First (FCE) Use of English paper, Reported Speech is often tested in Part 3 (Word Formation) where you might need to change a verb form, or Part 4 (Key Word Transformation) where you rewrite a sentence using a given word, often requiring a change from direct to reported speech or vice versa, including backshift and appropriate reporting verbs.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I always omit 'that' in reported speech?<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u3067 <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> is often optional, especially in informal spoken English, it is generally safer to include it in formal writing or when omitting it might cause confusion. For example, <span data-no-translation>He said that he was coming<\/span> is clearer than <span data-no-translation>He said he was coming<\/span> in some contexts.<\/p>\n<h2>\u95a2\u9023\u30ec\u30c3\u30b9\u30f3<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/?p=272801\">Reported speech<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/?p=273385\">Reported speech<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/?p=273388\">Reported speech<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reported speech is how we tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. The main rule is often &#8220;backshift,&#8221; where verb tenses move one step back in time. For example, &#8220;I am happy&#8221; becomes He said he was happy. This change helps show that the original words were spoken in the past. However, backshift doesn&#8217;t always happen. If the reported information is still true, a general fact, or if the reporting verb is in the present tense, the original tense may remain. We also use specific reporting verbs like claim, admit, or apologise. These verbs often require different grammatical structures, such as accuse + of + -ing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":192,"featured_media":274556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"bwfblock_default_font":"","langcom_teaches":"Reported speech","langcom_cefr":"B2","langcom_type":"grammar","langcom_faq":"[{\"q\": \"What is the main difference between direct and reported speech?\", \"a\": \"Direct speech uses the speaker's exact words, enclosed in quotation marks, like <span data-no-translation>\\\"I'm tired.\\\"<\/span> Reported speech conveys the message without quotation marks, often changing tenses and pronouns, as in <span data-no-translation>She said she was tired.<\/span>\"}, {\"q\": \"Why do tenses change in reported speech?\", \"a\": \"Tenses change in reported speech, a process called 'backshift,' because the original words were spoken in the past. Moving the tense back reflects that the action or statement happened before the reporting moment. For example, <span data-no-translation>present simple<\/span> becomes <span data-no-translation>past simple<\/span>.\"}, {\"q\": \"Are there any situations where tenses don't change?\", \"a\": \"Yes, tenses often do not change if the reported statement is a general truth (<span data-no-translation>He said water freezes at 0\u00b0C.<\/span>), if the statement is still true (<span data-no-translation>She said she lives in Paris.<\/span>), or if the reporting verb is in the present tense (<span data-no-translation>He says he is happy.<\/span>).\"}, {\"q\": \"How is reported speech tested in the B2 First exam?\", \"a\": \"In the B2 First (FCE) Use of English paper, Reported Speech is often tested in Part 3 (Word Formation) where you might need to change a verb form, or Part 4 (Key Word Transformation) where you rewrite a sentence using a given word, often requiring a change from direct to reported speech or vice versa, including backshift and appropriate reporting verbs.\"}, {\"q\": \"Can I always omit 'that' in reported speech?\", \"a\": \"While <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> is often optional, especially in informal spoken English, it is generally safer to include it in formal writing or when omitting it might cause confusion. For example, <span data-no-translation>He said that he was coming<\/span> is clearer than <span data-no-translation>He said he was coming<\/span> in some contexts.\"}]","_kiss_seo_title":"","_kiss_seo_excerpt":"Reported speech is how we tell someone what another person said without using their exact words.","_mwseo_canonical":"","_mwseo_keywords":"","_mwseo_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[620],"tags":[651,1163],"formats":[],"class_list":["post-273440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b2-first-fce","tag-grammar","tag-reporting"],"dsm_author":{"name":"\u30e9\u30a6\u30eb","avatar_url":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/nsl_avatars\/1de86ea706740d324aaef3dd8bf0843b.png","archive_link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/blog\/author\/raulmaguinahamann\/","biodata":""},"dsm_categories":[{"term_name":"B2 First 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