{"id":273401,"date":"2026-09-17T03:00:24","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T08:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/?p=273401"},"modified":"2026-09-17T03:00:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T08:00:24","slug":"ed-ing-adjectives-b2-b2-first","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/blog\/ed-ing-adjectives-b2-b2-first\/","title":{"rendered":"Mastering -ed and -ing Adjectives: A B2 English Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lc-answer\"><strong>-ed adjectives describe how a person or animal feels, focusing on the <em>effect<\/em> of something on them, while -ing adjectives describe the person, thing, or situation that <em>causes<\/em> that feeling or effect.<\/strong> This distinction is a common point of confusion for English learners, especially at B2 level, but it&#8217;s essential for clear communication. For example, if you say <span data-no-translation>I am bored<\/span>, it means <em>you<\/em> feel tired or uninterested because of something. However, if you say <span data-no-translation>The film is boring<\/span>, it means the film <em>causes<\/em> people to feel bored. Mastering this difference is crucial for expressing yourself accurately and for achieving a good score in exams like B2 First. Always remember: use <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span> to talk about the feeling someone <em>has<\/em>, \u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073 <span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span> to talk about what <em>produces<\/em> that feeling.<\/div>\n<h2>What Are -ed and -ing Adjectives?<\/h2>\n<p>Many adjectives in English are formed from verbs by adding <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span> \u307e\u305f\u306f <span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span>. These are called participles when they function as adjectives.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Adjectives ending in <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span>, \u4f8b\u3048\u3070 <span data-no-translation>bored<\/span> \u307e\u305f\u306f <span data-no-translation>interested<\/span>, describe a feeling or an emotion. They tell us how someone feels.<\/li>\n<li>Adjectives ending in <span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span>, \u4f8b\u3048\u3070 <span data-no-translation>boring<\/span> \u307e\u305f\u306f <span data-no-translation>interesting<\/span>, describe the thing or person that causes the feeling. They tell us about the quality of something.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-placement\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2B87DA,#29C4A9);\"><h3 style=\"color:#fff;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u270d\ufe0f \u81ea\u5206\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff1f<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.95;\">\u7121\u6599\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5224\u5b9a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30b1\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u8a8d\u5b9a\u8a66\u9a13\u5b98\u304b\u3089\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308a\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002.<\/p><a href=\"\/ja\/%e3%82%a4%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b0%e3%83%aa%e3%83%83%e3%82%b7%e3%83%a5\/%e3%82%a2%e3%82%ab%e3%83%87%e3%83%9f%e3%83%bc\/%e7%84%a1%e6%96%99%e4%bd%93%e9%a8%93\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#0A2540;color:#fff;\">\u7121\u6599\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u30fb\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>When Do We Use -ed Adjectives?<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f53\u793e\u3067\u306f <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span> adjectives to talk about how a person or an animal feels. They describe the emotional state of a subject.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I was surprised by the news.<\/span> (I felt surprise.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She felt very tired after the long journey.<\/span> (She experienced tiredness.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The children were excited about their holiday.<\/span> (They had a feeling of excitement.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span> adjectives include <span data-no-translation>bored<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>interested<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>excited<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>tired<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>surprised<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>annoyed<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>confused<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>disappointed<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>embarrassed<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>frightened<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>frustrated<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>shocked<\/span>, \u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073 <span data-no-translation>worried<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>When Do We Use -ing Adjectives?<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f53\u793e\u3067\u306f <span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span> adjectives to describe the person, thing, or situation that causes a particular feeling. They describe a characteristic or quality.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The news was surprising.<\/span> (The news caused surprise.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The journey was very tiring.<\/span> (The journey caused tiredness.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Their holiday plans sound exciting.<\/span> (The plans cause excitement.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a <span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span> adjectives include <span data-no-translation>boring<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>interesting<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>exciting<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>tiring<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>surprising<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>annoying<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>confusing<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>disappointing<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>embarrassing<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>frightening<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>frustrating<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>shocking<\/span>, \u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073 <span data-no-translation>worrying<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Differences and Examples<\/h2>\n<p>It is important to remember the core difference: <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span> for the person experiencing the feeling, <span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span> for the thing causing it.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The lecture was boring. I felt bored during the lecture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She is an interesting person. I am very interested in her stories.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>That film was really frightening. We were all frightened by the monster.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>My job is often frustrating. I get frustrated when things go wrong.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<caption>Common -ed and -ing Adjectives<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e<\/th>\n<th>Describes...<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Bored<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>How a person feels<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Boring<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>What causes the feeling<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Interested<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>How a person feels<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Interesting<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>What causes the feeling<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Excited<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>How a person feels<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Exciting<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>What causes the feeling<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Tired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>How a person feels<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Tiring<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>What causes the feeling<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I was so bored yesterday because the weather was boring.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The children were excited to see the exciting circus performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She found the book very interesting, so she was interested in reading more.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>His constant complaining is annoying; I'm very annoyed by it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The news about the accident was shocking, and everyone felt shocked.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>It was an embarrassing moment for him; he felt so embarrassed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u7df4\u7fd2<\/h2>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-1837\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"1837\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"FCE03 L6 GRAMMAR Past and present participles\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-exam\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:#0A2540;\"><h3 style=\"color:#F2B705;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u8a8d\u5b9a\u8a3c\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u6e96\u5099\u306f\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.92;\">Langcom\u306f\u3001\u30b1\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u8a66\u9a13\u3001IELTS\u3001TOEFL\u3001DELE\u3001SIELE\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073Michigan\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u5bfe\u7b56\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002.<\/p><a href=\"\/ja\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#F2B705;color:#0A2540;\">Langcom\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>\u30b9\u30da\u30a4\u30f3\u8a9e\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u3088\u304f\u72af\u3059\u9593\u9055\u3044<\/h2>\n<p>A very common mistake for Spanish speakers is to confuse <span data-no-translation>I am boring<\/span> \uff5e\u3068 <span data-no-translation>I am bored<\/span>. In Spanish, you might say 'Estoy aburrido\/a' to mean you feel bored. However, in English:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I am boring.<\/span> (Incorrect if you mean you feel bored) This means <em>you<\/em> cause other people to feel bored. You are not an interesting person.<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I am bored.<\/span> (Correct) This means <em>you<\/em> feel uninterested or tired of something.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Always remember: if you are describing your <em>feeling<\/em>, use <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span>. If you are describing a <em>quality<\/em> of yourself or something else that <em>causes<\/em> a feeling in others, use <span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u8cea\u554f<\/h2>\n<h3>Can -ed adjectives describe things?<\/h3>\n<p>Generally, <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span> adjectives describe how a person or animal feels. While some past participles can describe the state of an object (e.g., <span data-no-translation>a broken window<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>a finished project<\/span>), these are not describing emotions. For adjectives describing emotional impact, <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span> is for the experiencer, <span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span> for the cause.<\/p>\n<h3>Are there any verbs that don't form both -ed and -ing adjectives?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, not every verb can form both types of adjectives in this emotional sense. For example, you wouldn't typically say <span data-no-translation>I am eating<\/span> as an adjective for a feeling, nor <span data-no-translation>an eaten meal<\/span> to describe something causing a feeling. The rule primarily applies to verbs related to emotions and states, like <span data-no-translation>bore<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>interest<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>excite<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>surprise<\/span>, etc.<\/p>\n<h3>How are -ed and -ing adjectives tested in the B2 First (FCE) exam?<\/h3>\n<p>These adjectives are frequently tested in the B2 First exam, particularly in the <span data-no-translation>Use of English Part 3 (Word Formation)<\/span>. You might be given a base verb like 'bore' and need to decide whether to form <span data-no-translation>bored<\/span> \u307e\u305f\u306f <span data-no-translation>boring<\/span> based on the context of the sentence. They can also appear in <span data-no-translation>Part 2 (Open Cloze)<\/span> \u307e\u305f\u306f <span data-no-translation>Part 4 (Key Word Transformation)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u95a2\u9023\u30ec\u30c3\u30b9\u30f3<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/?p=273183\">-ed \/ -ing adjectives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/?p=273363\">-ed \/ -ing adjectives<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>-ed adjectives describe how a person or animal feels, focusing on the effect of something on them, while -ing adjectives describe the person, thing, or situation that causes that feeling or effect. This distinction is a common point of confusion for English learners, especially at B2 level, but it&#8217;s essential for clear communication. For example, if you say I am bored, it means you feel tired or uninterested because of something. However, if you say The film is boring, it means the film causes people to feel bored. Mastering this difference is crucial for expressing yourself accurately and for achieving a good score in exams like B2 First. Always remember: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":192,"featured_media":274478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"bwfblock_default_font":"","langcom_teaches":"-ed \/ -ing adjectives","langcom_cefr":"B2","langcom_type":"grammar","langcom_faq":"[{\"q\": \"Can -ed adjectives describe things?\", \"a\": \"Generally, <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span> adjectives describe how a person or animal feels. While some past participles can describe the state of an object (e.g., <span data-no-translation>a broken window<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>a finished project<\/span>), these are not describing emotions. For adjectives describing emotional impact, <span data-no-translation>-ed<\/span> is for the experiencer, <span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span> for the cause.\"}, {\"q\": \"Are there any verbs that don't form both -ed and -ing adjectives?\", \"a\": \"Yes, not every verb can form both types of adjectives in this emotional sense. For example, you wouldn't typically say <span data-no-translation>I am eating<\/span> as an adjective for a feeling, nor <span data-no-translation>an eaten meal<\/span> to describe something causing a feeling. The rule primarily applies to verbs related to emotions and states, like <span data-no-translation>bore<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>interest<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>excite<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>surprise<\/span>, etc.\"}, {\"q\": \"How are -ed and -ing adjectives tested in the B2 First (FCE) exam?\", \"a\": \"These adjectives are frequently tested in the B2 First exam, particularly in the <span data-no-translation>Use of English Part 3 (Word Formation)<\/span>. You might be given a base verb like 'bore' and need to decide whether to form <span data-no-translation>bored<\/span> or <span data-no-translation>boring<\/span> based on the context of the sentence. They can also appear in <span data-no-translation>Part 2 (Open Cloze)<\/span> or <span data-no-translation>Part 4 (Key Word Transformation)<\/span>.\"}]","_kiss_seo_title":"","_kiss_seo_excerpt":"-ed adjectives describe how a person or animal feels, focusing on the effect of something on them, while -ing adjectives describe the person, thing, or...","_mwseo_canonical":"","_mwseo_keywords":"","_mwseo_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[620],"tags":[651,1131],"formats":[],"class_list":["post-273401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b2-first-fce","tag-grammar","tag-past-and-present-participles"],"dsm_author":{"name":"\u30e9\u30a6\u30eb","avatar_url":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/nsl_avatars\/1de86ea706740d324aaef3dd8bf0843b.png","archive_link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/blog\/author\/raulmaguinahamann\/","biodata":""},"dsm_categories":[{"term_name":"B2 First 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