{"id":273043,"date":"2026-07-30T03:00:54","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T08:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/?p=273043"},"modified":"2026-07-30T03:00:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T08:00:54","slug":"gerunds-infinitives-b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/blog\/gerunds-infinitives-b2\/","title":{"rendered":"Mastering Gerunds and Infinitives in English (B2 Grammar)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lc-answer\"><strong>Gerunds (-ing forms) and infinitives (to + base verb) are essential verb forms that function differently in English sentences, acting as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.<\/strong> A gerund acts like a noun, describing an activity or concept, as in <span data-no-translation>Swimming is good exercise.<\/span> It often follows prepositions or specific verbs. An infinitive, typically <span data-no-translation>to<\/span> plus the base verb, can express purpose, follow certain verbs and adjectives, or even act as a noun, for example, <span data-no-translation>I want to learn English.<\/span> Choosing between them depends on the preceding word\u2014another verb, a preposition, an adjective\u2014or the specific meaning you want to convey. Mastering these forms will significantly improve your fluency and accuracy, helping you express complex ideas more naturally and avoid common errors. Pay close attention to the context and the governing verb or phrase to make the correct choice every time.<\/div>\n<h2>What Are Gerunds? (The -ing Form)<\/h2>\n<p>A gerund is the <span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span> form of a verb that functions as a noun. It names an activity or a concept, not an action being performed by a subject.<\/p>\n<p>We use gerunds in several key situations:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>As the subject of a sentence:<\/strong> The gerund acts as the main topic. <span data-no-translation>Reading helps you learn new vocabulary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>After prepositions:<\/strong> Any verb that follows a preposition must be a gerund. <span data-no-translation>I&#8217;m interested in learning about other cultures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>After certain verbs:<\/strong> Many verbs are directly followed by a gerund. Common examples include <span data-no-translation>enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, avoid, admit, deny, consider, risk, imagine, miss, postpone, practice, recommend, resent, resist, tolerate, understand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>After phrasal verbs:<\/strong> Phrasal verbs often end with a preposition, so a gerund must follow. <span data-no-translation>She gave up smoking last year.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-placement\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2B87DA,#29C4A9);\"><h3 style=\"color:#fff;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u270d\ufe0f \u81ea\u5206\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u304c\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\uff1f<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.95;\">\u7121\u6599\u306e\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u5224\u5b9a\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30b1\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u8a8d\u5b9a\u8a66\u9a13\u5b98\u304b\u3089\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308a\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002.<\/p><a href=\"\/ja\/%e3%82%a4%e3%83%b3%e3%82%b0%e3%83%aa%e3%83%83%e3%82%b7%e3%83%a5\/%e3%82%a2%e3%82%ab%e3%83%87%e3%83%9f%e3%83%bc\/%e7%84%a1%e6%96%99%e4%bd%93%e9%a8%93\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#0A2540;color:#fff;\">\u7121\u6599\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30b9\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u30fb\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>What Are Infinitives? (The to + Verb Form)<\/h2>\n<p>An infinitive is the base form of a verb preceded by <span data-no-translation>to<\/span> \uff08\u4f8b\uff1a, <span data-no-translation>to go, to eat, to study<\/span>). It can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.<\/p>\n<p>We use infinitives in these common contexts:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>To express purpose:<\/strong> This explains why someone does something. <span data-no-translation>I went to the store to buy some milk.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>After adjectives:<\/strong> Infinitives often follow adjectives to give more information. <span data-no-translation>It's difficult to understand this grammar point.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>After certain verbs:<\/strong> Many verbs are directly followed by an infinitive. Common examples include <span data-no-translation>want, need, decide, plan, hope, agree, refuse, promise, learn, manage, afford, appear, arrange, ask, choose, expect, fail, offer, prepare, pretend, seem, tend, threaten.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>After <span data-no-translation>too<\/span> \u305d\u3057\u3066 <span data-no-translation>enough<\/span>:<\/strong> These structures use infinitives to describe sufficiency or excess. <span data-no-translation>It's too cold to swim.<\/span> <span data-no-translation>He's old enough to drive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>After question words:<\/strong> Infinitives can follow <span data-no-translation>how, what, where, when, who, why<\/span> (less common). <span data-no-translation>I don't know what to do.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Verbs Followed by Both (With a Change in Meaning)<\/h2>\n<p>Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, but the meaning of the sentence changes significantly. It's important to understand these differences.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Stop<\/span>:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Stop + gerund<\/span> means to cease an activity. <span data-no-translation>He stopped smoking.<\/span> (He doesn't smoke anymore.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Stop + infinitive<\/span> means to pause an activity in order to do something else. <span data-no-translation>He stopped to smoke.<\/span> (He paused what he was doing to have a cigarette.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Remember<\/span>:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Remember + gerund<\/span> means to recall a past event. <span data-no-translation>I remember visiting Paris when I was a child.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Remember + infinitive<\/span> means to not forget to do something. <span data-no-translation>Remember to lock the door.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Forget<\/span>:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Forget + gerund<\/span> means to not recall a past event. <span data-no-translation>I'll never forget seeing the Eiffel Tower for the first time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Forget + infinitive<\/span> means to fail to do something you intended. <span data-no-translation>I forgot to send the email.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Try<\/span>:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Try + gerund<\/span> means to experiment with something to see if it works or helps. <span data-no-translation>If you can't sleep, try drinking warm milk.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Try + infinitive<\/span> means to make an effort to do something, often difficult. <span data-no-translation>I tried to open the window, but it was stuck.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Regret<\/span>:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Regret + gerund<\/span> means to feel sorry about something you did in the past. <span data-no-translation>I regret telling her my secret.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Regret + infinitive<\/span> means to feel sorry about something you are about to say or do (formal). <span data-no-translation>We regret to inform you that your application was unsuccessful.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Verbs Followed by Both (Little or No Meaning Change)<\/h2>\n<p>Some verbs can take either a gerund or an infinitive with very little or no difference in meaning. These verbs often express preferences or the start\/continuation of an action.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Preference verbs:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>like, love, hate, prefer.<\/span> <span data-no-translation>I love swimming.<\/span> \/ <span data-no-translation>I love to swim.<\/span> (Both are generally acceptable.) However, there can be a slight nuance for <span data-no-translation>like<\/span>:\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I like going camping.<\/span> (I enjoy the activity of camping.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I like to go to the dentist every six months.<\/span> (I think it is a good idea to go, even if I don't 'enjoy' it.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Beginning\/Continuing verbs:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>start, begin, continue.<\/span> <span data-no-translation>It started raining.<\/span> \/ <span data-no-translation>It started to rain.<\/span> (Both are correct and mean the same.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Verbs of Perception (See, Hear, Watch, Feel, Notice)<\/h2>\n<p>When you use verbs of perception followed by an object, you can use either a base infinitive (without <span data-no-translation>to<\/span>) or a gerund, but they convey slightly different ideas about the action.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Verb + Object + Base Infinitive<\/span>:<\/strong> This implies you perceived the complete action from beginning to end. <span data-no-translation>I saw him leave the building.<\/span> (I saw the entire act of him leaving.)<\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Verb + Object + Gerund<\/span>:<\/strong> This implies you perceived the action in progress, or only a part of it. <span data-no-translation>I saw him leaving the building.<\/span> (I saw him in the process of leaving, but maybe not the very beginning or end.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<caption>Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds, Infinitives, or Both<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Verbs + Gerund (-ing)<\/th>\n<th>Verbs + Infinitive (to + verb)<\/th>\n<th>Verbs + Both (Meaning Change)<\/th>\n<th>Verbs + Both (Little\/No Change)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, avoid, admit, deny, consider, risk, imagine, miss, postpone, practice, recommend<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>want, need, decide, plan, hope, agree, refuse, promise, learn, manage, afford, appear, arrange, ask, choose, expect, fail, offer, prepare, pretend, seem, tend, threaten<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>stop, remember, forget, try, regret<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>like, love, hate, prefer, start, begin, continue<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Learning English requires dedication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She's good at solving complex problems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He decided to study abroad next year.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>It's important to listen carefully.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I stopped eating fast food.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I stopped to eat lunch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Do you remember meeting me last year?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Please remember to call your mother.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I heard the birds singing this morning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I watched the children play in the park.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u7df4\u7fd2<\/h2>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-660\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"660\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"A03 L5 GRAMMAR Gerunds and infinitives\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-exam\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:#0A2540;\"><h3 style=\"color:#F2B705;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u8a8d\u5b9a\u8a3c\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u6e96\u5099\u306f\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.92;\">Langcom\u306f\u3001\u30b1\u30f3\u30d6\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u8a66\u9a13\u3001IELTS\u3001TOEFL\u3001DELE\u3001SIELE\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073Michigan\u306e\u8a66\u9a13\u5bfe\u7b56\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002.<\/p><a href=\"\/ja\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#F2B705;color:#0A2540;\">Langcom\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>\u30b9\u30da\u30a4\u30f3\u8a9e\u8a71\u8005\u304c\u3088\u304f\u72af\u3059\u9593\u9055\u3044<\/h2>\n<p>Spanish speakers often make specific errors with gerunds and infinitives due to direct translation or confusion with the English <span data-no-translation>to<\/span>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u304b\u308a\u306b\u304f\u3044 <span data-no-translation>to<\/span> as a preposition with <span data-no-translation>to<\/span> as part of an infinitive:<\/strong> In Spanish, <span data-no-translation>a<\/span> + infinitive is common. In English, if <span data-no-translation>to<\/span> is a preposition (e.g., after <span data-no-translation>look forward to, be used to, object to<\/span>), it must be followed by a gerund.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8aa4\u308a\uff1a<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>I'm looking forward to meet you.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6b63\u3057\u3044\uff1a<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>I'm looking forward to meeting you.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Using infinitives after prepositions:<\/strong> In Spanish, you can use an infinitive after a preposition (e.g., <span data-no-translation>antes de salir<\/span>). In English, verbs after prepositions must be gerunds.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8aa4\u308a\uff1a<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>Thanks for help me.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6b63\u3057\u3044\uff1a<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>Thanks for helping me.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Incorrectly using gerunds for purpose:<\/strong> While Spanish uses <span data-no-translation>para + infinitive<\/span>, English uses <span data-no-translation>to + infinitive<\/span> for purpose.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8aa4\u308a\uff1a<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>I study for passing the exam.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6b63\u3057\u3044\uff1a<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>I study to pass the exam.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u8cea\u554f<\/h2>\n<h3>What is the main difference between a gerund and an infinitive?<\/h3>\n<p>A gerund (<span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span> form) functions like a noun, naming an activity, as in <span data-no-translation>Running is healthy.<\/span> An infinitive (<span data-no-translation>to + base verb<\/span>) can act as a noun, adjective, or adverb, often expressing purpose or following specific verbs and adjectives, for example, <span data-no-translation>I want to run.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>How can I remember which verbs take gerunds and which take infinitives?<\/h3>\n<p>There isn't one simple rule; it often depends on memorization and practice. However, verbs expressing preferences or activities often take gerunds (<span data-no-translation>enjoy, finish<\/span>), while verbs expressing plans, desires, or intentions often take infinitives (<span data-no-translation>want, decide, hope<\/span>). Pay attention to common patterns and lists of verbs.<\/p>\n<h3>Is there a rule for verbs that can take both gerunds and infinitives?<\/h3>\n<p>For some verbs like <span data-no-translation>like, love, hate, start, begin, continue<\/span>, there is often little or no difference in meaning. However, for verbs like <span data-no-translation>stop, remember, forget, try, regret<\/span>, using a gerund or an infinitive changes the meaning significantly. Always check the context to choose the correct form.<\/p>\n<h3>What about verbs of perception like 'see' or 'hear'?<\/h3>\n<p>With verbs of perception followed by an object, you can use a base infinitive (without <span data-no-translation>to<\/span>) to indicate a complete action (<span data-no-translation>I saw him leave<\/span>), or a gerund to indicate an action in progress (<span data-no-translation>I saw him leaving<\/span>). The choice depends on whether you witnessed the entire event or just a part of it.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gerunds (-ing forms) and infinitives (to + base verb) are essential verb forms that function differently in English sentences, acting as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. A gerund acts like a noun, describing an activity or concept, as in Swimming is good exercise. It often follows prepositions or specific verbs. An infinitive, typically to plus the base verb, can express purpose, follow certain verbs and adjectives, or even act as a noun, for example, I want to learn English. Choosing between them depends on the preceding word\u2014another verb, a preposition, an adjective\u2014or the specific meaning you want to convey. Mastering these forms will significantly improve your fluency and accuracy, helping you [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":192,"featured_media":273762,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"bwfblock_default_font":"","langcom_teaches":"Gerunds and infinitives","langcom_cefr":"B2","langcom_type":"grammar","langcom_faq":"[{\"q\": \"What is the main difference between a gerund and an infinitive?\", \"a\": \"A gerund (<span data-no-translation>-ing<\/span> form) functions like a noun, naming an activity, as in <span data-no-translation>Running is healthy.<\/span> An infinitive (<span data-no-translation>to + base verb<\/span>) can act as a noun, adjective, or adverb, often expressing purpose or following specific verbs and adjectives, for example, <span data-no-translation>I want to run.<\/span>\"}, {\"q\": \"How can I remember which verbs take gerunds and which take infinitives?\", \"a\": \"There isn't one simple rule; it often depends on memorization and practice. However, verbs expressing preferences or activities often take gerunds (<span data-no-translation>enjoy, finish<\/span>), while verbs expressing plans, desires, or intentions often take infinitives (<span data-no-translation>want, decide, hope<\/span>). Pay attention to common patterns and lists of verbs.\"}, {\"q\": \"Is there a rule for verbs that can take both gerunds and infinitives?\", \"a\": \"For some verbs like <span data-no-translation>like, love, hate, start, begin, continue<\/span>, there is often little or no difference in meaning. However, for verbs like <span data-no-translation>stop, remember, forget, try, regret<\/span>, using a gerund or an infinitive changes the meaning significantly. Always check the context to choose the correct form.\"}, {\"q\": \"What about verbs of perception like 'see' or 'hear'?\", \"a\": \"With verbs of perception followed by an object, you can use a base infinitive (without <span data-no-translation>to<\/span>) to indicate a complete action (<span data-no-translation>I saw him leave<\/span>), or a gerund to indicate an action in progress (<span data-no-translation>I saw him leaving<\/span>). The choice depends on whether you witnessed the entire event or just a part of it.\"}]","_kiss_seo_title":"Gerunds vs. Infinitives B2: Master English Grammar","_kiss_seo_excerpt":"Learn when to use gerunds (-ing) and infinitives (to + verb) in English. This B2 guide explains common patterns, tricky verbs, and how to avoid mistakes.","_mwseo_canonical":"","_mwseo_keywords":null,"_mwseo_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[588],"tags":[862,651],"formats":[],"class_list":["post-273043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b2-upper-intermediate-english","tag-gerunds-and-infinitives","tag-grammar"],"dsm_author":{"name":"\u30e9\u30a6\u30eb","avatar_url":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/nsl_avatars\/1de86ea706740d324aaef3dd8bf0843b.png","archive_link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ja\/blog\/author\/raulmaguinahamann\/","biodata":""},"dsm_categories":[{"term_name":"B2 Upper Intermediate 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