What is the difference between Theft, Robbery, and Burglary?

These three words are often used incorrectly, but they describe distinct crimes. Understanding their specific meanings is crucial for accurate communication.

• Theft is the general act of taking something that does not belong to you, without permission. It does not involve violence or breaking into a building. Examples include pickpocketing または shoplifting.

• Robbery is the crime of taking property from a person or place by force or threat of force. The key element here is the use of violence or intimidation against a person.

• Burglary is the crime of illegally entering a building with the intention of committing a crime, usually theft. The focus is on the illegal entry into a property, not necessarily on confronting a person inside.

What are other common crimes and criminals?

English has specific words for many different types of crimes and the people who commit them. Here are some important B2 level terms:

• Murder: The crime of intentionally killing another person. The criminal is a murderer.

• Arson: The crime of deliberately setting fire to property. The criminal is an arsonist.

• Kidnapping: The crime of taking a person by force, often to demand money for their return. The criminal is a kidnapper.

• Shoplifting: The crime of stealing goods from a shop while pretending to be a customer. The criminal is a shoplifter.

• Bribery: The crime of offering or accepting money or gifts to influence someone's actions. The person who offers a bribe is a briber, and the person who accepts is also involved in bribery.

• Cheating: Acting dishonestly or unfairly to gain an advantage. The criminal is a cheater.

• Lying: Not telling the truth. The criminal is a liar.

How do we talk about actions related to crime?

Just as there are nouns for crimes and criminals, there are also verbs to describe the actions. Often, the verb is closely related to the noun.

• ～について theft, the verb is to steal. (e.g., He stole a car.)

• ～について robbery, the verb is to rob. (e.g., They robbed the bank.)

• ～について burglary, the verb is to burgle. (e.g., Someone burgled their house.)

• ～について murder, the verb is to murder. (e.g., He murdered his victim.)

• ～について arson, the verb phrase is to set fire to. (e.g., The arsonist set fire to the building.)

• ～について kidnapping, the verb is to kidnap. (e.no-translation>g., They kidnapped the child.)

• ～について shoplifting, the verb is to shoplift. (e.g., She was caught shoplifting.)

• ～について bribery, the verb is to bribe. (e.g., He tried to bribe the official.)

• ～について cheating, the verb is to cheat. (e.g., Don't cheat on the exam.)

• ～について lying, the verb is to lie. (e.g., He lied about his age.)

例

• The police are investigating the theft of a valuable painting.
• Two masked men robbed the bank yesterday morning.
• There was a burglary at their house while they were on holiday.
• The murderer received a life sentence.
• Arson caused extensive damage to the old warehouse.
• The kidnappers demanded a large ransom for the child's safe return.
• She was arrested for shoplifting a designer handbag.
• The politician was accused of bribery and corruption.

練習

スペイン語話者がよく犯す間違い

A common mistake is confusing rob そして steal. Remember:

• You steal an object: He stole my phone.

• You rob a person or a place: They robbed the bank. または They robbed the man.

It is incorrect to say He robbed my phone. (Correct: He stole my phone.)

It is also incorrect to say He stole the bank. (Correct: He robbed the bank.)

Another error is using thief for all criminals. Remember the specific roles:

• A thief steals generally.

• A robber uses force or threats against a person.

• A burglar breaks into a building to steal.

よくある質問

What is the difference between a thief and a robber?

A thief is someone who steals without using force or threats. A robber is someone who uses force or threats against a person to steal.

Can I use 'steal' for both people and objects?

No. You steal an object or something abstract (like an idea). You rob a person or a place (like a bank).

What is shoplifting?

Shoplifting is the crime of stealing items from a shop or store, typically by hiding them and leaving without paying.

Are these words important for B2 exams?

Yes, understanding crime vocabulary is very useful for B2 speaking and writing tasks, especially when discussing social issues, news, or current events. It shows a good range of vocabulary.