とは Some-, Any-, Every-, 、および No-?
These words are called indefinite pronouns or adverbs. They refer to people, things, or places without saying exactly who, what, or where they are.
We use them to talk about quantities in different types of sentences: positive, negative, or questions.
When do we use Some-?
当社では some- words in positive sentences. They mean 'an unspecified amount or number'.
- 使用方法 someone または somebody for people. Example: Someone is at the door.
- 使用方法 something for things. Example: I need something to drink.
- 使用方法 somewhere for places. Example: Let's go somewhere nice.
また、当社は some- words in questions when we expect a 'yes' answer, or when we are offering or requesting something.
When do we use Any-?
当社では any- words mainly in questions and negative sentences. They mean 'no matter who, what, or where'.
- 使用方法 anyone または anybody for people. Example: Is anyone home? または I don't see anyone.
- 使用方法 anything for things. Example: Do you have anything to eat? または She didn't say anything.
- 使用方法 anywhere for places. Example: Can we go anywhere? または I can't find my keys anywhere.
When do we use Every-?
当社では every- words to talk about all people, things, or places in a group. They mean 'all' or 'each one'.
- 使用方法 everyone または everybody for people. Example: Everyone is happy today.
- 使用方法 everything for things. Example: Everything is ready for the party.
- 使用方法 everywhere for places. Example: I looked everywhere for my phone.
When do we use No-?
当社では no- words in positive sentences to give them a negative meaning. They mean 'zero' or 'not any'.
- 使用方法 no one または nobody for people. Example: No one came to the meeting.
- 使用方法 nothing for things. Example: I have nothing to do.
- 使用方法 nowhere for places. Example: There's nowhere to sit.
Remember, we do not use no- words with a negative verb (like don't または isn't). This creates a double negative, which is incorrect in standard English.
| Category | <span data-no-translation>Some-</span> | <span data-no-translation>Any-</span> | <span data-no-translation>Every-</span> | <span data-no-translation>No-</span> |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| People | someone / somebody | anyone / anybody | everyone / everybody | no one / nobody |
| Things | something | anything | everything | nothing |
| Places | somewhere | anywhere | everywhere | nowhere |
| Usage | Positive sentences, offers, requests | Questions, negative sentences | All people/things/places | Zero people/things/places (with positive verb) |
例
- I saw someone at the park.
- Do you have anything interesting to read?
- Everyone enjoyed the concert.
- She found her keys nowhere in the house.
- Would you like something to drink?
- I didn't go anywhere last weekend.
- Everything will be fine.
- There is nothing in the fridge.
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A common mistake for Spanish speakers is using a double negative. In Spanish, you might say "No tengo nada." (literally "I don't have nothing"). However, in English, you must choose one negative word:
- 誤り： I don't have nothing.
- 正しい： I have nothing. (Using no- word with a positive verb)
- 正しい： I don't have anything. (Using any- word with a negative verb)
Always use only one negative word in an English sentence.
よくある質問
とでは、主な違いは何ですか？ some- そして any-?
当社では some- words in positive sentences, offers, and requests. We use any- words in questions and negative sentences.
Can I use somebody ～の代わりに someone?
はい、, somebody そして someone mean the same thing and are interchangeable. The same applies to anybody/anyone そして everybody/everyone, 、および nobody/no one.
When do I use no one versus nothing?
使用方法 no one （または nobody) when you are talking about zero people. Use nothing when you are talking about zero things.
Are these words always singular?
Yes, even though they refer to multiple people or things (like everyone), these words always take a singular verb. For example: Everyone is here. (not are).
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