{"id":273287,"date":"2026-09-11T03:00:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T08:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/?p=273287"},"modified":"2026-09-11T03:00:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T08:00:47","slug":"defining-relative-clauses-b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ar\/blog\/defining-relative-clauses-b1\/","title":{"rendered":"Mastering Defining Relative Clauses: B1 English Grammar"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lc-answer\">\n<p><strong>Defining relative clauses give essential information about a noun, telling us exactly which person, thing, or place we are talking about.<\/strong> Without this clause, the meaning of the sentence would be unclear or incomplete. They are a fundamental part of B1 English grammar, allowing you to describe things with precision and clarity.<\/p>\n<p>For example, if you say, <span data-no-translation>&#8220;I saw the man.&#8221;<\/span>, it&#8217;s not specific. But if you add a defining relative clause, <span data-no-translation>&#8220;I saw the man who lives next door.&#8221;<\/span>, you know exactly which man. These clauses start with relative pronouns like <span data-no-translation>who<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>which<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>that<\/span>, or relative adverbs like <span data-no-translation>where<\/span>. They connect directly to the noun they describe, making your sentences more detailed and easier to understand for your listener or reader.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What Are Defining Relative Clauses?<\/h2>\n<p>Defining relative clauses are a type of subordinate clause. They provide information that is necessary to understand the noun they modify.<\/p>\n<p>Imagine you are talking about a specific item. A defining relative clause helps you point out exactly which item you mean.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The student who got the highest score won a prize.<\/span> (The clause <span data-no-translation>who got the highest score<\/span> tells us which specific student.)<\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I need to find the book that I borrowed from the library.<\/span> (The clause <span data-no-translation>that I borrowed from the library<\/span> tells us which specific book.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-blended\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0E63C4,#0A2540);\"><h3 style=\"color:#fff;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\ud83c\udf93 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;opacity:.95;\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u00b7 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c<\/p><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;font-size:18px;\">\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0646 <strong><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"auto\">$<\/span>39<\/bdi><\/span><\/strong> <s style=\"opacity:.6;\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><bdi><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"auto\">$<\/span>79<\/bdi><\/span><\/s> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631<\/p><a href=\"\/ar\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#fff;color:#0E63C4;\">\u0627\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Why Are Defining Relative Clauses Important?<\/h2>\n<p>These clauses are crucial for clear communication. They help you avoid confusion and make your descriptions precise.<\/p>\n<p>Without them, your sentences might be too general, and your listener or reader might not understand your exact meaning.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If you say, <span data-no-translation>\"I like the restaurant.\"<\/span>, it's not clear which restaurant.<\/li>\n<li>If you say, <span data-no-translation>\"I like the restaurant where we had dinner last night.\"<\/span>, it is very clear.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How Do We Form Defining Relative Clauses?<\/h2>\n<p>We use relative pronouns or relative adverbs to introduce defining relative clauses. These words connect the clause to the noun it describes.<\/p>\n<p>The choice of pronoun or adverb depends on whether you are talking about a person, a thing, or a place.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For people, use <span data-no-translation>who<\/span> \u0623\u0648 <span data-no-translation>that<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>For things, use <span data-no-translation>which<\/span> \u0623\u0648 <span data-no-translation>that<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>For places, use <span data-no-translation>where<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>When Do We Use 'Who', 'Which', 'That', and 'Where'?<\/h2>\n<p>The relative pronoun or adverb you choose depends on the noun you are defining.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Who<\/span>:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <span data-no-translation>who<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c, <span data-no-translation>She is the woman who helped me.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Which<\/span>:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <span data-no-translation>which<\/span> for things or animals. For example, <span data-no-translation>This is the phone which I bought yesterday.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>That<\/span>:<\/strong> You can use <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> for both people and things. It is very common in informal English. For example, <span data-no-translation>He is the man that lives next door.<\/span> \u0623\u0648 <span data-no-translation>This is the car that broke down.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-no-translation>Where<\/span>:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <span data-no-translation>where<\/span> for places. For example, <span data-no-translation>That's the park where we play football.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Can We Omit the Relative Pronoun?<\/h2>\n<p>Yes, sometimes you can omit the relative pronoun (<span data-no-translation>who<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>which<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>that<\/span>) in a defining relative clause. This is possible when the pronoun is the <strong>object<\/strong> of the clause.<\/p>\n<p>If the pronoun is the <strong>subject<\/strong> of the clause, you cannot omit it.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pronoun as object (can be omitted):<\/strong><br \/>  <span data-no-translation>This is the book (that) I read last week.<\/span> (\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c, <span data-no-translation>I<\/span> is the subject of the clause <span data-no-translation>I read last week<\/span>, \u060c \u0648 <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> is the object.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pronoun as subject (cannot be omitted):<\/strong><br \/>  <span data-no-translation>She is the woman who lives next door.<\/span> (\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c, <span data-no-translation>who<\/span> is the subject of the clause <span data-no-translation>who lives next door<\/span>. You cannot say <span data-no-translation>She is the woman lives next door.<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<caption>Summary of Relative Pronouns and Adverbs for Defining Relative Clauses<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Used for<\/th>\n<th>Relative Pronoun\/Adverb<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>People<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>who<\/span> \/ <span data-no-translation>that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>The man who lives here is friendly.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Things \/ Animals<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>which<\/span> \/ <span data-no-translation>that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>This is the book which I recommended.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-no-translation>Places<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>where<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-no-translation>That's the caf\u00e9 where we first met.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The woman who called me yesterday wants to buy the house.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>I like the jacket that you are wearing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>Do you know the restaurant where they serve the best pizza?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The computer which I bought last month is already broken.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>He's the artist whose paintings are in the gallery.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>This is the city where I grew up.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>The movie that we watched was very exciting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-no-translation>She met a man who works as a chef.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/h2>\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-1396\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"1396\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"I05 L6 GRAMMAR Defining relative clauses\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"lc-cta lc-cta-placement\" style=\"border-radius:14px;padding:30px;margin:30px 0;text-align:center;color:#fff;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2B87DA,#29C4A9);\"><h3 style=\"color:#fff;font-size:22px;font-weight:800;margin:0 0 8px;\">\u270d\ufe0f \u0644\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u061f<\/h3><p style=\"margin:0 0 16px;opacity:.95;\">\u062e\u064f\u0630 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c.<\/p><a href=\"\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;padding:13px 30px;border-radius:8px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;background:#0A2540;color:#fff;\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>Spanish speakers often make a few common mistakes with defining relative clauses:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <span data-no-translation>what<\/span> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 <span data-no-translation>which<\/span> \u0623\u0648 <span data-no-translation>that<\/span>:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c, <span data-no-translation>what<\/span> means 'the thing that'. It is not a relative pronoun to define a noun. <br \/>  <span data-no-translation>INCORRECT: The car what broke down was old.<\/span><br \/>  <span data-no-translation>CORRECT: The car which broke down was old.<\/span><br \/>  <span data-no-translation>CORRECT: The car that broke down was old.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Omitting the pronoun when it is the subject:<\/strong> Remember, you can only omit the pronoun if it's the object of the clause. <br \/>  <span data-no-translation>INCORRECT: The girl lives next door is my friend.<\/span><br \/>  <span data-no-translation>CORRECT: The girl who lives next door is my friend.<\/span><br \/>  <span data-no-translation>CORRECT: The girl that lives next door is my friend.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <span data-no-translation>where<\/span> for things, not just places:<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>Where<\/span> is only for places. <br \/>  <span data-no-translation>INCORRECT: This is the book where I found the answer.<\/span><br \/>  <span data-no-translation>CORRECT: This is the book which I found the answer in.<\/span> (\u0623\u0648 <span data-no-translation>This is the book in which I found the answer.<\/span>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>What is the main difference between 'who' and 'which'?<\/h3>\n<p>The main difference is that <span data-no-translation>who<\/span> is used for people, while <span data-no-translation>which<\/span> is used for things or animals. For example, <span data-no-translation>the person who called<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 <span data-no-translation>the dog which barked<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I always use 'that' instead of 'who' or 'which'?<\/h3>\n<p>In defining relative clauses, you can often use <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 <span data-no-translation>who<\/span> (for people) or <span data-no-translation>which<\/span> (for things). It is very common in everyday English. However, <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> cannot replace <span data-no-translation>where<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>How do defining relative clauses help me improve my B1 English?<\/h3>\n<p>Mastering defining relative clauses allows you to express yourself with greater precision and detail. This is essential for B1 level communication, as it helps you clearly describe people, objects, and places in both speaking and writing, making your English more natural and effective.<\/p>\n<h3>When can I remove the relative pronoun?<\/h3>\n<p>You can remove the relative pronoun (<span data-no-translation>who<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>which<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>that<\/span>) when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause. For example, in <span data-no-translation>The movie (that) I watched was good<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> is the object of <span data-no-translation>watched<\/span>, so it can be omitted.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ar\/?p=272800\">Defining and non-defining relative clauses<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/langcom.org\/ar\/?p=273162\">Defining and non-defining relative clauses<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Defining relative clauses give essential information about a noun, telling us exactly which person, thing, or place we are talking about. Without this clause, the meaning of the sentence would be unclear or incomplete. They are a fundamental part of B1 English grammar, allowing you to describe things with precision and clarity. For example, if [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":192,"featured_media":274250,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"bwfblock_default_font":"","langcom_teaches":"Defining and non-defining relative clauses","langcom_cefr":"B1","langcom_type":"grammar","langcom_faq":"[{\"q\": \"What is the main difference between 'who' and 'which'?\", \"a\": \"The main difference is that <span data-no-translation>who<\/span> is used for people, while <span data-no-translation>which<\/span> is used for things or animals. For example, <span data-no-translation>the person who called<\/span> but <span data-no-translation>the dog which barked<\/span>.\"}, {\"q\": \"Can I always use 'that' instead of 'who' or 'which'?\", \"a\": \"In defining relative clauses, you can often use <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> instead of <span data-no-translation>who<\/span> (for people) or <span data-no-translation>which<\/span> (for things). It is very common in everyday English. However, <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> cannot replace <span data-no-translation>where<\/span>.\"}, {\"q\": \"How do defining relative clauses help me improve my B1 English?\", \"a\": \"Mastering defining relative clauses allows you to express yourself with greater precision and detail. This is essential for B1 level communication, as it helps you clearly describe people, objects, and places in both speaking and writing, making your English more natural and effective.\"}, {\"q\": \"When can I remove the relative pronoun?\", \"a\": \"You can remove the relative pronoun (<span data-no-translation>who<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>which<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>that<\/span>) when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause. For example, in <span data-no-translation>The movie (that) I watched was good<\/span>, <span data-no-translation>that<\/span> is the object of <span data-no-translation>watched<\/span>, so it can be omitted.\"}]","_kiss_seo_title":"","_kiss_seo_excerpt":"Defining relative clauses give essential information about a noun, telling us exactly which person, thing, or place we are talking 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